Heat stroke (HS) is a fatal disease caused by thermal damage in the body, and it has a very high mortality rate. In 2015, the People’s Liberation Army Professional Committee of Critical Care Medicine published the first expert consensus on HS in China, Expert consensus on standardized diagnosis and treatment for heat stroke. With an increased understanding of HS and new issues that emerged during the HS treatment in China in recent years, the 2015 consensus no longer meet the requirements for HS prevention and treatment. It is necessary to update the consensus to include the latest research evidence and establish a new consensus that has broader coverage, is more practical and is more in line with China’s national conditions. This new expert consensus includes new concept of HS, recommendations for laboratory tests and auxiliary examinations, new understanding of diagnosis and differential diagnosis, On-site emergency treatment and In-hospital treatment, translocation of HS patients and prevention of HS.

/pdf/expert-consensus-on-the-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-heat-3rg5lyj1sx.pdf

Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of heat stroke in China.

Polysaccharides from natural resources exhibit great potential in the treatment of ulcerative colitis: A review.

Skeletal muscle is a major organ of insulin-induced glucose metabolism. In addition, loss of muscle mass is closely linked to insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome (Met-S). Skeletal muscle loss and accumulation of intramuscular fat are associated with a variety of pathologies through a combination of factors, including oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, mitochondrial dysfunction, IR, and inactivity. Sarcopenia, defined by a loss of muscle mass and a decline in muscle quality and muscle function, is common in the elderly and is also often seen in patients with acute or chronic muscle-wasting diseases. The relationship between Met-S and sarcopenia has been attracting a great deal of attention these days. Persistent inflammation, fat deposition, and IR are thought to play a complex role in the association between Met-S and sarcopenia. Met-S and sarcopenia adversely affect QOL and contribute to increased frailty, weakness, dependence, and morbidity and mortality. Patients with Met-S and sarcopenia at the same time have a higher risk of several adverse health events than those with either Met-S or sarcopenia. Met-S can also be associated with sarcopenic obesity. In this review, the relationship between Met-S and sarcopenia will be outlined from the viewpoints of molecular mechanism and clinical impact.

Metabolic Syndrome and Sarcopenia.

Derivatives of yeast cell wall (YCW) have been studied for their potential prebiotic effects. Recently, new purified and soluble preparations have been developed in an attempt to increase their biological actions. Two YCW preparations, one conventional and another with higher solubility of the mannan oligosaccharide fraction, were evaluated on dogs. One food formulation was used, divided into the following treatments: CON–control, without yeast cell wall addition; YCW–addition of 0.3% of a conventional yeas cell wall extract; YCWs–addition of 0.3% of a yeast cell wall extract with high mannan oligosaccharide solubility. Twenty-four beagle dogs were used, eight per food, distributed on a block design. Blocks lasted 32 days, and TNF-a, IL-6, IL-10, ex vivo production of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide by peripheral neutrophils and monocytes, phagocytic index, and fecal IgA were evaluated at the beginning and end of each period. Additionally, nutrient digestibility, feces production and quality, and fermentation products were quantified. The results were evaluated by analysis of variance and compared using the Tukey test (P<0.05), using the basal immunological parameters as a covariate. The inclusion of YCWs reduced fat digestibility (P<0.05), increased the concentration of butyrate and putrescine, and reduced lactate in feces (P<0.05), showing that mannan oligosaccharide solubilization resulted in higher fermentation of this compound and altered the metabolism of the gut microbiota. Lower IL-6 on serum was verified for dogs fed the YCWs diet (P<0.05), suggesting a reduction in the inflammatory activity of dogs. Higher phagocytic index was verified for peripheral monocytes after the intake of the YCW food, suggesting better innate immunity. In conclusion, the solubilization of the mannooligosaccharide fraction alters its interaction with gut microbiota and biological actions in animals, although both yeast cell wall preparations exhibited prebiotic effects on dogs.

/pdf/effects-of-the-solubility-of-yeast-cell-wall-preparations-on-4nsq4py021.pdf

Effects of the solubility of yeast cell wall preparations on their potential prebiotic properties in dogs.

OBJECTIVE To examine the association of all forms of malnutrition and socioeconomic status (SES), educational level and ethnicity in children <5 years, non-pregnant adolescent women (11-19 years) and non-pregnant adult women (20-49 years) in Colombia. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of data from the 2010 Colombian National Nutrition Survey. The prevalence of malnutrition was compared across categories of SES, educational level and ethnicity. SETTING Colombia. PARTICIPANTS The sample for the current analysis comprised children <5 years, non-pregnant adolescent women (11-19 years) and non-pregnant adult women (20-49 years). RESULTS In children <5 years, a low SES and maternal educational level were significantly associated with a lower prevalence of overweight/obesity compared with high levels of SES and maternal education, that is, the prevalence of overweight/obesity was 1·4 and 1·6 times lower in categories of low SES and educational levels, respectively. In contrast, the prevalence of wasting, stunting and anaemia was higher in the lowest SES and maternal educational categories (the prevalence was between 1·1 and 1·8 times higher for these indicators). In women, the lowest SES (11 and 19 years) and educational levels (20 and 49 years) exhibited a higher prevalence in all forms of malnutrition compared with their counterparts in the highest categories (i.e. overweight/obesity, stunting and anaemia). Additionally, indigenous or Afro-Colombian children and women had the highest prevalence of malnutrition in comparison with other ethnicities. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that public policies should address all forms of malnutrition that occur in the most vulnerable populations in Colombia using multiple strategies.

/pdf/association-of-all-forms-of-malnutrition-and-socioeconomic-30bjet05ka.pdf

Association of all forms of malnutrition and socioeconomic status, educational level and ethnicity in Colombian children and non-pregnant women

Set of resident microorganisms in our body that are responsible for the absorption of nutrients and the maintenance of health is named microbiota. The microbiota´s role is protective, trophic and metabolic. Different groups of microbiota intestinal name enterotypes, each one of them are in relation to specific dietary habits. The absence of enteral stimulation affects both epithelial and GALT and the development of the microbiota. This situation modifies the immune system´s interaction, with a less competitive exclusion of more pathogenic bacteria, which can promote infections. These changes are likely reversible when supplementation with enteral nutrition is used. Dietary fibre and probiotics, to be fermented by colonic microbiota produce gases and short-chain fatty acids causing an acid pH in the large intestine which hinders the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. The administration of probiotic with enteral nutrition in critically ill patients was associated with lower rates of infection with no effect on mortality, average stay, or diarrhea. Also proposed as a strategy to reduce infectious complications in elective surgery and to reduce the time of tolerance of enteral feeding in preterm or low birth weight. In acute pancreatitis, it has been suggested a possible role of probiotics to restore intestinal integrity, but more safety studies are needed. There are isolated cases of bacteremia, sepsis or endocarditis usually in immunocompromised patients. Yet the benefits appear to be greater than the risks.

/pdf/papel-de-los-prebioticos-y-los-probioticos-en-la-28bayy6sji.pdf

Papel de los prebióticos y los probióticos en la funcionalidad de la microbiota del paciente con nutrición enteral

Effects of physical exercise in sarcopenia. A systematic review

Efectos del ejercicio físico en el anciano con sarcopenia. Una revisión sistemática

Obesity is a chronic disease associated with other comorbidities, including atherogenic dyslipidemia (AD). Bariatric surgery (BS) has shown to reduce cardiovascular risk (CVR) by achieving a significant weight reduction and improving the lipid profile. Different surgical techniques may have a different effect on the lipoprotein profile. To evaluate the lipid profile at 3 years after BS according to the surgical technique used and to determine which variables predict variation in the lipid profile at 3 years after BS. Retrospective observational study of 206 patients who underwent BS between 2010 and 2019. We analyzed the variation of lipid parameters in the 3 years of follow-up according to the surgical technique, including a group analysis of patients according to whether they had dyslipidemia and whether they were treated or untreated and determined which variables predict variation in the lipid profile at 3 years after BS. There was a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) with sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and a significant decrease in total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-c), non-HDL, and LDL/non-HDL with biliopancreatic diversion (BPD). Variables predicting lipid profile variation were surgical technique and pre-surgery lipoprotein level. Malabsorptive techniques achieve a greater decrease in TC and LDL-c throughout follow-up and could also improve residual cardiovascular risk (non-HDL and LDL/non-HDL). The type of surgical technique and the presurgery lipid profile predict variation after 3 years of BS.

Elena González Arnáiz

Papers

Papel de los prebióticos y los probióticos en la funcionalidad de la microbiota del paciente con nutrición enteral

Effects of physical exercise in sarcopenia. A systematic review

Efectos del ejercicio físico en el anciano con sarcopenia. Una revisión sistemática

Evaluation of Lipoprotein Profile and Residual Risk Three Years After Bariatric Surgery

Diabetes remission after malabsorptive bariatric surgery.