Nos últimos trinta trinta anos, houve profundas mudanças na forma como compreendemos o crime e a justiça criminal. O crime tornou-se um evento simbólico, um verdadeiro teste para a ordem social e para as políticas governamentais, um desafio para a sociedade civil, para a democracia e para os direitos humanos. Segundo David Garland, professor da Faculdade de Direito da New York University, um dos principais autores no campo da Sociologia da Punição e com artigo publicado na Revista de Sociologia e Política , número 13, na modernidade tardia houve uma verdadeira obsessão securitária, direcionando as políticas criminais para um maior rigor em relação às penas e maior intolerância com o criminoso. Há trinta anos, nos EUA e na Inglaterra essa tendência era insuspeita. O livro mostra que os dois países compartilham intrigantes similaridades em suas práticas criminais, a despeito da divisão racial, das desigualdades econômicas e da letalidade violenta que marcam fortemente o cenário americano. Segundo David Garland, encontram-se nos dois países os “mesmos tipos de riscos e inseguranças, a mesma percepção a respeito dos problemas de um controle social não-efetivo, as mesmas críticas da justiça criminal tradicional, e as mesmas ansiedades recorrentes sobre mudança e ordem sociais”1 (GARLAND, 2001, p. 2). O argumento principal da obra é o seguinte: a modernidade tardia, esse distintivo padrão de relações sociais, econômicas e culturais, trouxe consigo um conjunto de riscos, inseguranças e problemas de controle social que deram uma configuração específica às nossas respostas ao crime, ao garantir os altos custos das políticas criminais, o grau máximo de duração das penas e a excessivas taxas de encarceramento.

http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rsocp/n20/n20a15.pdf

The culture of control: crime and social order in contemporary, society

American Bankruptcy Institute Law Review 17 Am. Bankr. Inst. L. Rev., No. 1, Spring, 2009. Boston College Law Review 50 B.C. L. Rev., No. 3, May, 2009. Boston University Public Interest Law Journal 18 B.U. Pub. Int. L.J., No. 2, Spring, 2009. Cardozo Journal of Conflict Resolution 10 Cardozo J. Conflict Resol., No. 2, Spring, 2009. Cardozo Public Law, Policy, & Ethics Journal 7 Cardozo Pub. L. Pol’y & Ethics J., No. 3, Summer, 2009. Chicago Journal of International Law 10 Chi. J. Int’l L., No. 1, Summer, 2009. Colorado Journal of International Environmental Law and Policy 20 Colo. J. Int’l Envtl. L. & Pol’y, No. 2, Winter, 2009. Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts 32 Colum. J.L. & Arts, No. 3, Spring, 2009. Connecticut Public Interest Law Journal 8 Conn. Pub. Int. L.J., No. 2, Spring-Summer, 2009. Cornell Journal of Law and Public Policy 18 Cornell J.L. & Pub. Pol’y, No. 1, Fall, 2008. Cornell Law Review 94 Cornell L. Rev., No. 5, July, 2009. Creighton Law Review 42 Creighton L. Rev., No. 3, April, 2009. Criminal Law Forum 20 Crim. L. Forum, Nos. 2-3, Pp. 173-394, 2009. Delaware Journal of Corporate Law 34 Del. J. Corp. L., No. 2, Pp. 433-754, 2009. Environmental Law Reporter News & Analysis 39 Envtl. L. Rep. News & Analysis, No. 7, July, 2009. European Journal of International Law 20 Eur. J. Int’l L., No. 2, April, 2009. Family Law Quarterly 43 Fam. L.Q., No. 1, Spring, 2009. Georgetown Journal of International Law 40 Geo. J. Int’l L., No. 3, Spring, 2009. Georgetown Journal of Legal Ethics 22 Geo. J. Legal Ethics, No. 2, Spring, 2009. Golden Gate University Law Review 39 Golden Gate U. L. Rev., No. 2, Winter, 2009. Harvard Environmental Law Review 33 Harv. Envtl. L. Rev., No. 2, Pp. 297-608, 2009. International Review of Law and Economics 29 Int’l Rev. L. & Econ., No. 1, March, 2009. Journal of Environmental Law and Litigation 24 J. Envtl. L. & Litig., No. 1, Pp. 1-201, 2009. Journal of Legislation 34 J. Legis., No. 1, Pp. 1-98, 2008. Journal of Technology Law & Policy 14 J. Tech. L. & Pol’y, No. 1, June, 2009. Labor Lawyer 24 Lab. Law., No. 3, Winter/Spring, 2009. Michigan Journal of International Law 30 Mich. J. Int’l L., No. 3, Spring, 2009. New Criminal Law Review 12 New Crim. L. Rev., No. 2, Spring, 2009. Northern Kentucky Law Review 36 N. Ky. L. Rev., No. 4, Pp. 445-654, 2009. Ohio Northern University Law Review 35 Ohio N.U. L. Rev., No. 2, Pp. 445-886, 2009. Pace Law Review 29 Pace L. Rev., No. 3, Spring, 2009. Quinnipiac Health Law Journal 12 Quinnipiac Health L.J., No. 2, Pp. 209-332, 2008-2009. Real Property, Trust and Estate Law Journal 44 Real Prop. Tr. & Est. L.J., No. 1, Spring, 2009. Rutgers Race and the Law Review 10 Rutgers Race & L. Rev., No. 2, Pp. 441-629, 2009. San Diego Law Review 46 San Diego L. Rev., No. 2, Spring, 2009. Seton Hall Law Review 39 Seton Hall L. Rev., No. 3, Pp. 725-1102, 2009. Southern California Interdisciplinary Law Journal 18 S. Cal. Interdisc. L.J., No. 3, Spring, 2009. Stanford Environmental Law Journal 28 Stan. Envtl. L.J., No. 3, July, 2009. Tulsa Law Review 44 Tulsa L. Rev., No. 2, Winter, 2008. UMKC Law Review 77 UMKC L. Rev., No. 4, Summer, 2009. Washburn Law Journal 48 Washburn L.J., No. 3, Spring, 2009. Washington University Global Studies Law Review 8 Wash. U. Global Stud. L. Rev., No. 3, Pp.451-617, 2009. Washington University Journal of Law & Policy 29 Wash. U. J.L. & Pol’y, Pp. 1-401, 2009. Washington University Law Review 86 Wash. U. L. Rev., No. 6, Pp. 1273-1521, 2009. William Mitchell Law Review 35 Wm. Mitchell L. Rev., No. 4, Pp. 1235-1609, 2009. Yale Journal of International Law 34 Yale J. Int’l L., No. 2, Summer, 2009. Yale Journal on Regulation 26 Yale J. on Reg., No. 2, Summer, 2009.

/pdf/current-index-to-legal-periodicals-8re353ze53.pdf

Current index to legal periodicals

Marked: Race, Crime, and Finding Work in an Era of Mass Incarceration. By Devah Pager. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007. Pp. xiii+248. $25.00.

Thinking About Crime

?A que nos referimos cuando hablamos de orden social? ?Que concepciones del ser humano y del mundo, que inmanencias ideologicas y que premisas etico-politicas sostienen la idea de orden dominante en nuestra sociedad? ?Cual es la base material de ese concepto y cual ha sido el recorrido historico de la construccion de ese orden? ?Bajo que formas de dominacion, legitimacion, reproduccion y control ? O mejor: ?que poderes castigan?, ?que se castiga, a quienes se castiga y como se castiga?, ?que informacion-poder dimana el castigo hacia el orden social? Todas esas preguntas apuntan al primero de los peajes a superar (el historico y epistemologico) como condicion necesaria para cualquier critica de la penalidad en el capitalismo. Podria decirse que, en primera instancia, cualquier tarea de esta indole exige "hacer historia", o mejor aun: hacer memoria. El analisis propuesto, que se pretende ?estructural no-estructuralista?, abordara las transformaciones institucionales, las tendencias politicas, la evolucion de los sectores economico y penal y los cambios sociales asociados a todos esos elementos ?cambios que darian verdadero sentido al estudio de la norma y sus funciones reales. El estudio de las condiciones en que el Estado espanol toco el techo de su crecimiento economico (para entrar con fuerza en la crisis de 2008) como lider del encarcelamiento en Europa occidental toma esa perspectiva. Se propone, pues, un estudio de la estructura y la superestructura en el neoliberalismo y de sus efectos sobre el gobierno de la penalidad. Es decir: un intento de comprender como se organiza y opera la gobernanza en un escenario globalizado y como repercute eso en las esferas interrelacionadas de lo penal y lo penitenciario, considerando para el caso espanol que, como apunta Bergalli, ?quiza sea el sistema penal el ambito donde los retrasos son mas patentes? . El economico, el juridico-politico y el sociologico son los tres principales enfoques en que se reparte este analisis del triangulo mercado-estado-carcel en el Reino de Espana. La pregunta que da origen a dicho analisis del auge punitivo en las ultimas tres decadas largas es, precisamente, ?como interpretarlo para cambiarlo?

La burbuja penal. Mercado, Estado y cárcel en la democracia española. Un análisis estructural no-estructuralista de la inflación punitiva en el Estado español

https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/46501.pdf

Criminología crítica: Abolicionismo y garantismo

Penas alternativas a la prisión

This article examines European policies regarding criminal-record-based-employment discrimination, with particular emphasis on the case of Spain. It first provides an overview of the definition of “criminal record” before discussing the confidentiality of information regarding criminal conviction. It then considers employment discrimination in Europe based on criminal record, including private employer discrimination in Spain, Sweden, and the Netherlands. It also highlights the importance of the European Union’s data protection laws on reinforcing the confidentiality of criminal record information and the exception that has been made for sex offenses. Finally, it analyzes the influence of the European Union, Council of Europe, and the European Court of Human Rights on employment.

European Criminal Records and Ex-Offender Employment

This paper explains the institution of prison leave in Spain. Firstly, I will briefly describe the regulations governing prison leave and provide data on its use in Spain. I will point out that although half the prison population benefits from a prison leave, a main problem is that it is granted at a very late stage of the sentence, and that immigrants have a very low probability of obtaing it. Secondly, I will explain the criteria used in order to determine if a leave is granted, the wide discretion that psychologists in particular enjoy, and why this procedure might be experienced by the prisoner as unfair. Thirdly, I will describe the mixed system that allows both Prison Boards and Judges to make decisions about leave and how this often produces confusing results for prisoners. For instance, a positive prison report being followed by a negative judicial response due to the wide discretion that judicial authorities also enjoy. Finally, I draw some tentative conclusions about how a lack of clear criteria and procedure in relation to prison leave might also affect legitimacy in prison.

/pdf/reducing-discretion-in-the-administration-of-prison-leave-in-2qoqtl5i67.pdf

Reducing Discretion in the Administration of Prison Leave: In Search of Legitimacy

In the U.S., conviction-based-employment discrimination (CBED) is attracting a great deal of attention on account of intense concern about enhancing ex-offender chances for post conviction, especially post-imprisonment, successful “reentry.” Europe seems unconcerned about CBED. It is not a hot policy issue in Europe and attracts very little research or commentary. Why? Is it because European employers do not discriminate against job applicants or employees with criminal convictions? This Article seeks to address the relevance of a criminal record to employment opportunity in Europe.

Elena Larrauri

Papers

Criminología crítica: Abolicionismo y garantismo

Penas alternativas a la prisión

European Criminal Records and Ex-Offender Employment

Reducing Discretion in the Administration of Prison Leave: In Search of Legitimacy

A Spanish Window on European Law and Policy on Employment Discrimination Based on Criminal Record