1. Introduction As it is stated in the work of Vershinina et al. (2016) "The rapid development of the financial market requires the improvement of already existing financial institutions and the emergence of new ones". The 2008-2010 global economic crisis and the financial crisis in Russia in 2014-2015 determined the need to develop strategic planning in general and level planning in particular because many companies happened to be unready for unpredictably changing conditions. The problem is that even having qualified specialists in this area and opportunity to organize their involvement, these methods are not adequately used in our country. The authors make the following hypothesis: difficult current macro-economic situation in Russia requires to change the work of enterprises management in terms of forming strategies related to developing the activity of legal entities they control as a whole and forecasting results of the activity on various levels of the enterprise in particular within improving the efficiency of the organization activity in the context of unstable environment. In order to check out the hypothesis, it is necessary to answer a number of questions: * What is a key element of the company management under conditions of instability? * What methodological basis should commercial organizations choose to form their forecasting and development strategies under conditions of turbulence? * What ways can the enterprise use to form the optimal system of strategic management during the effect of unstable conditions? 2. Methodology 2.1. Theoretical and Methodological Basis of the Research The article is based on scientific works and applied developments of Russian and foreign scientists and experts on the researched problems in the area of strategic management of enterprise as a whole and focus on stability of the company competitive advantage under conditions of dynamisms and globalization of markets, in particular. The work used the dialectical method of cognition and system approach to studying the problem. General scientific and special methods of research were used, including analysis, particularly, comparative analysis, synthesis, analogue, classification, as well as historical and logical methods and graph techniques. The informational basis of this work includes statutory and legal acts of the Russian Federation that regulate the activity of commercial organizations. When writing the article, official statistical foreign and Russian informational resources, as well as data from official websites of research and informational business portals, institutes and other organizations were used. 3. Results 3.1. Level Approach in Strategic Planning as a Key Element of the Company Management In order to stipulate the need to use a strategy when managing companies under modern conditions, as well as to reveal the dependence of the company activity success on the way of its development, it is necessary to study the essence of the strategy, its components and tools of formation. Research and methodological sources show a lot of ways to define strategic management that aim at revealing aspects of this difficult management process. Strategic management is the management of the enterprise that is based on the personnel potential, performed on the basis of flexible regulation and timely changes, focuses on production activity related to clients' demands, and allows achieving competitive advantages in the perspective of its development (Bondarchuk V.A., 2007). Taking into account generalization of the existing interpretations of strategic management (Bondarchuk V.A., 2007; Kruglova N.Yu., Kruglov M.I., 2003; Porter M., Michael E., 1998; Grant R., 2012; Utkin E.A., 1994; Ansoff I., 1999; Igoshin N. V., 2008; Dmitrishina and Uskov 2015; Kosinova, et al., 2016; Sibirskaya, et al., 2015; Stroeva, et al. …

https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/bitstream/123456789/29124/1/Optimization_of_the_Company_Strategic_Management_System_2017.pdf

Optimization of the Company Strategic Management System in the Context of Economic Instability

Introduction Due to the rapid developments in spheres of financial innovation and information technologies, world space is being transformed into a global business system (Akopova and Przhedetskaya, 2016; Boldeanu and Tache, 2015; Dmitrishina and Uskov, 2015; Epifanova et al., 2015; Fatai, 2015; Rusanov et al., 2015; Rupeika-Apoga and Nedovis 2015; Thalassinos et al., 2013; Thalassinos and Stamatopoulos, 2015; Thalassinos, 2007). The volume of electronic payments in recent years has grown significantly with the introduction of computers and information technology into virtually all spheres of daily activity. The volume of e-commerce in Russia in 2013 reached $ 13 bin, an increase of 35% as compared to 2012. At the end of 2013 about 7.2 million people in Russia have used e-wallets for payments and mutual settlements. The market volume of electronic purses is estimated at $9 billion in 2015, with an outlook to its exponential growth. Dynamic changes in the world processes, particularly in the virtual economy sphere pose challenges to the national security system. Rationale According to the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation as of 31.12.2015, No 683 "On the Russian Federation National Security Strategy" national security--is a state of security for the individual, society and state from internal and external threats, which provides a realization of the constitutional rights and freedoms, decent quality of life, sovereignty, independence, statehood and territorial integrity, as well as sustainable economic and social development of the Russian Federation. National security also includes information security. The National Security Strategy it is stated that amongst the main strategic risks for the economic sphere of Russian Federation in long term are: high dependence on the external economic environment, the lag in the development and implementation of advanced technologies, the vulnerability of the national financial system from actions of non-residents, as well as speculative foreign capital. In this regard, the system is required to provide protection mechanisms, including the regulatory, legal and organizational support of the development of economic processes that meet modern international realities and minimize the risks of illegal activities. Main issue is the balance between the state measures, which can potentially harm the virtual economy, and legislation enabling participants to carry out operations with virtual currency for criminal purposes. The economic system is dynamic, committed to the development and includes the use of new technological opportunities. This aspect has led to the need for continuous improvements in the national security measures. In particular, the emergence of virtual currencies (cryptocurrency) is actively discussed globally, the most famous of these is the Bitcoin. The Bitcoin is widely spread in many countries, competing with the national currencies, such the euro and the dollar. This Bitcoin is not secured by any assets, and is not tied to any world currency--its rate is determined by supply and demand, making Bitcoin exchange rate volatile, yet objective at the same time. All Bitcoin transactions records are kept in the public domain, but without information disclosure of the actual participants, turning this innovative payment instrument into one of the mediums facilitating criminal activity. Currently, every 10 minutes 25 new Bitcoins are added to the network. In other words, if the user runs a special program his/her computer solves a mathematical problem. Correct solution will earn some amount of Bitcoin to the user. The exchange rate of Bitcoin is unstable, last year it ranged from $100 to $1100, with recent months level about $600. According to official statistics, the total volume of issued Bitcoin is estimated at $8 billion. Legal status of cryptocurrency, despite the widespread dissemination and use of the Internet, is not legally secured and requires detailed consideration not only by lawyers and economists, but first and foremost by software engineers. …

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Electronic Currency: The Potential Risks to National Security and Methods to Minimize Them

JEL Classification Codes: F60, F63, 035, 044 Introduction The strategy of European development till the year of 2020 determines research and development as the key objective of country's development, with the key indicator of efficiency set to ensure the strategic goal of 3% of GDP. In order to ensure the growth of the intensity of research and development, EU is planning the formation of a common scientific space, in which the free interaction on the model > will take place. In the given context, there appear a number of questions: what is the state of things on the specified direction in Russia and how to relate the strategic priorities in this field across countries (Akopova and Przhedetskaya, 2016; Dasanayaka and Sardana, 2015; Ryzhkova and Prosvirkin, 2015). Based on the said above, the purpose of the study is defined by the authors as the study of trends and strategic priorities for the financing of research and development in the cross-country perspective. Consideration of the issues of research and development intensity is a hard task, since the area of the objective study is the following: --firstly, in understanding the definition of > itself; --secondly, research and development intensity index is the key indicator of the effectiveness of strategic development for many countries and plays a significant role in the assessment of cross-country competitiveness, which determines its complexity and diversity, requires the application of interdisciplinary approaches for the research and actualizes a comparative retrospective analysis on the example of the actual index values in Russian Federation and some of EU countries. Thus, this is the context and logics of the given study. Theoretical, Informational and Empirical, and Methodological Grounds of the Research > is a complex category. In order to determine its semantics, it would be useful to consider a system of concepts > and later on, taking into account its peculiarity, to give the definition >. We are going to carry out the study of semantic influence of the definition > with the help of content analysis technology. US National Science Fund defines the intensity of research and development as the ratio of research experimental work and GDP. Efremova T. in her dictionary defines > as high voltage or force that can give the highest performance. The electronic encyclopedia > defines > as a relative indicator, expressed through the degree the extent of one phenomenon among other phenomena. Research and Development (RD Epifanove et al., 2015; Frank et al., 2016; Havlicek et al, 2013; Tcvetkov et al., 2015) . Definition Research and development (R&D) comprise creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge (including knowledge of man, culture and society) and the use of this knowledge to devise new applications. …

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Research and Development Intensity in Business: Russia and EU

The notion "development of intellectual labor for the purpose of economy's security" is viewed as development of society's intellectual potential that includes the protected socio-economic information, developed by a person or a group of persons. The social factors that reduce economic security and their consequences in economy are given, namely: negative dynamics of implementing new progressive technologies into production, insufficient coordination of work in the sphere of innovational development, etc. The forms of intellectual development of human resources (intellectual development of personality, control over intellectual information) are offered, which bring the country's economy to competitiveness and security. The traditional and innovational methods of intellectual labor development are studied (studying in universities and colleges, increase of personnel's qualification in view of academic degrees (Ph.D., doctor of economics), as well as receipt of economic information through Internet resources, scientific publication, statistical information, etc.), as well as the methods of development of IT services and methods of prevention of intellectual diversions and violation of information confidentiality. It is offered to implement the program of equal initial possibilities for intellectual development of human resources in view of access to higher education, creative activities, as well as legal protection for everyone, etc. Analysis of implementation of innovational methods of intellectual labor development supposes planning activities in view of development of intellectual labor for the purpose of the region's economy's security.

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Innovational methods of development of intellectual labor for economy’s security

The article considers the use of scientific infrastructure as an element of international scientific cooperation. The authors analyze a European approach that was developed in the framework of the Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program.The authors examined the current large international infrastructure projects with Russian participation and proposed their typology. The article outlines the specifics and prospects for the development of scientific infrastructure, proposes optimal forms of scientific cooperation, and makes some suggestions on the use of international scientific cooperation as an instrument for solving tasks related to the foreign policy of Russia.The authors prove that the development of scientific infrastructure is a driver of economic growth for both the country as a whole and its regions.

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Scientific cooperation between Russia and the EU in the development and use of large research infrastructure

Introduction Current tendencies of social and economic development restrict the number of factors enabling increase of Russian economy competitiveness. Due to the reduction of investment and human resources, scientific and technological development becomes the only factor to provide a long-term economic growth and development of the social sphere in our country. In 2014 a Federal Law was drafted dated June 28, 2014 No. 172-FZ "On strategic planning in the Russian Federation" (hereinafter "Federal Law No. 172-FZ"), which defined a list of documents for strategic planning and general principles of its implementation on the territory of Russia. In the near future there is a number of federal strategic planning documents that need to be developed and updated including the documents in science and technical policy. Due to changed macroeconomic conditions of the Russian economy development and increased restrictions, it is necessary to prioritize science and technical policy more clearly and reasonably, taking into account our best practices in developing and updating goal-setting and forecasting documents in the science and technological sphere. The task to provide correlation between the goal-setting documents is of specific relevance as well as the implementation of state measures satisfying strategic priorities of the science and technological development. Main part Science is a fundamental part of the state strategic planning. Any strategic development document should reflect recent scientific achievements not only in the technical sphere but also in the sphere of management. Promotion of a scientific element is one of the typical characteristics of the current period of strategic management development in Russia. Virtually all strategic documents are developed are based on the forecasts related to the science and technological development, which is also the result of a scientific activity. That is the approach taken in the system of strategic planning documents in the Russian Federation and defined by the Federal Law No. 172-FZ. For the first time the definition of such a significant document, defining formation and implementation of the budget, as the state program of the Russian Federation, enshrined in legislation. The strategic planning document contains a complex of planned measures linked in terms of the goals, implementation times and resources, and public policy tools enabling in the context of executing key state functions, achievement of priorities and aims of the state policy in the social and economic development and ensuring national safety in the Russian Federation. The state program of the Russian Federation in the sphere of science is "Development of Science and Technologies" for 2013-2020 (hereinafter, GPRNT, a state program). Additionally, the documents are envisaged, which will define the system of scientifically confirmed picture about the directions and expected results of development in a certain industry or authority. As for the science, it is a forecast of science and technological development of the Russian Federation. It is notable that if until recently a forecast of science and technological development was the main element of strategy in the sphere of science, today a forecast of innovation economy development in general is more significant. This is explained by the appearance and rapid expansion of a new forecasting approach "foresight" [1] and this led to the adoption in 2011 of Innovation development strategy. However, some researchers think [2] that mostly expert forecasting methods in the context of the foresight method do not work in terms of long-term forecasts of the science and technological development. Despite this, requirements to the quality of tools for science and technological forecasting under conditions of national innovative systems competition remain exceptionally strict. Except the Forecast of science and technological development in the Russian Federation until 2030, among the main strategic planning documents are the Doctrine of Russian science development, the Concept of a long-term social and economic development of the Russian Federation until 2020, the Strategy for innovative Russian Federation development until 2020, the Priority directions for the development of science and technology in the Russian Federation, the Critical technologies list and the Fundamentals of Russian Federation policy in the sphere of science and technologies development until 2020 and further (Table 1). …

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The Issues of Covering Science and Technical Policy of Modern Russia in the Strategic Planning Documents

Based on the analysis of the powers of the Russian Federation and its subjects in the scientific and technical sphere, the article shows that despite the constitutional consolidation of the sphere of science as joint powers of the regions and the federal center, in fact, in most cases, the development of science is exclusively the task of the Russian Federation.Therefore, the expenditures of the federal budget determine the direction of financing and development of science. The paper analyzes both the dynamics of the main parameters of financing within the program budget and the first major results obtained under the new conditions in 2013-2016. It is shown that the efficiency of expenditures on science has significantly increased.However, a separate analysis is required both for the quality of the obtained scientific results and the results of institutional reforms in the sector of research and development.

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Elena V. Dmitrishina

Papers

The Issues of Covering Science and Technical Policy of Modern Russia in the Strategic Planning Documents

Peculiarities of financial provision for the implementation of state programs with scientific and technical components