다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

Physics welcomes the idea that space contains energy whose gravitational effect approximates that of Einstein's cosmological constant, \ensuremath{\Lambda}; today the concept is termed dark energy or quintessence. Physics also suggests that dark energy could be dynamical, allowing for the arguably appealing picture of an evolving dark-energy density approaching its natural value, zero, and small now because the expanding universe is old. This would alleviate the classical problem of the curious energy scale of a millielectron volt associated with a constant \ensuremath{\Lambda}. Dark energy may have been detected by recent cosmological tests. These tests make a good scientific case for the context, in the relativistic Friedmann-Lema\^{\i}tre model, in which the gravitational inverse-square law is applied to the scales of cosmology. We have well-checked evidence that the mean mass density is not much more than one-quarter of the critical Einstein--de Sitter value. The case for detection of dark energy is not yet as convincing but still serious; we await more data, which may be derived from work in progress. Planned observations may detect the evolution of the dark-energy density; a positive result would be a considerable stimulus for attempts at understanding the microphysics of dark energy. This review presents the basic physics and astronomy of the subject, reviews the history of ideas, assesses the state of the observational evidence, and comments on recent developments in the search for a fundamental theory.

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The Cosmological Constant and Dark Energy

This article reports world averages of measurements of b-hadron, c-hadron, and tau-lepton properties obtained by the Heavy Flavor Averaging Group (HFAG) using results available through the end of 2011. In some cases results available in the early part of 2012 are included. For the averaging, common input parameters used in the various analyses are adjusted (rescaled) to common values, and known correlations are taken into account. The averages include branching fractions, lifetimes, neutral meson mixing parameters, CP violation parameters, parameters of semileptonic decays and CKM matrix elements.

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Averages of b-hadron, c-hadron, and tau-lepton properties as of early 2012

Nuclear forces can be systematically derived using effective chiral Lagrangians consistent with the symmetries of QCD. I review the status of the calculations for two- and three-nucleon forces and their applications in few-nucleon systems. I also address issues like the quark mass dependence of the nuclear forces and resonance saturation for four-nucleon operators.

/pdf/modern-theory-of-nuclear-forces-436h635pm0.pdf

Modern theory of nuclear forces

The hidden-charm pentaquark and tetraquark states

Baryon chiral perturbation theory using a heavy fermion lagrangian

We calculate the gauge terms of the one-loop anomalous dimension matrix for the dimension-six operators of the Standard Model effective field theory (SM EFT). Combin- ing these results with our previous results for the λ and Yukawa coupling terms completes the calculation of the one-loop anomalous dimension matrix for the dimension-six operators. There are 1350 CP-even and 1149 CP-odd parameters in the dimension-six Lagrangian for 3 generations, and our results give the entire 2499 × 2499 anomalous dimension matrix. We discuss how the renormalization of the dimension-six operators, and the additional renormal- ization of the dimension d ≤ 4 terms of the SM Lagrangian due to dimension-six operators, lays the groundwork for future precision studies of the SM EFT aimed at constraining the ef- fects of new physics through precision measurements at the electroweak scale. As some sample applications, we discuss some aspects of the full RGE improved result for essential processes such as gg → h, h → γγ and h → Zγ, for Higgs couplings to fermions, for the precision electroweak parameters S and T, and for the operators that modify important processes in precision electroweak phenomenology, such as the three-body Higgs boson decay h → Z l + l and triple gauge boson couplings. We discuss how the renormalization group improved results can be used to study the flavor problem in the SM EFT, and to test the minimal flavor viola- tion (MFV) hypothesis. We briefly discuss the renormalization effects on the dipole coefficient Ceγ which contributes to µ → eγ and to the muon and electron magnetic and electric dipole moments.

/pdf/renormalization-group-evolution-of-the-standard-model-4ctsdj7lb6.pdf

Renormalization group evolution of the Standard Model dimension six operators III: gauge coupling dependence and phenomenology

We calculate the complete order y
 2 and y
 4 terms of the 59 × 59 one-loop anomalous dimension matrix for the dimension-six operators of the Standard Model effective field theory, where y is a generic Yukawa coupling. These terms, together with the terms of order λ, λ
 2 and λy
 2 depending on the Standard Model Higgs self-coupling λ which were calculated in a previous work, yield the complete one-loop anomalous dimension matrix in the limit of vanishing gauge couplings. The Yukawa contributions result in non-trivial flavor mixing in the various operator sectors of the Standard Model effective theory.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/JHEP01%282014%29035.pdf

Renormalization group evolution of the Standard Model dimension six operators II: Yukawa dependence

We calculate the order \lambda, \lambda^2 and \lambda y^2 terms of the 59 x 59 one-loop anomalous dimension matrix of dimension-six operators, where \lambda and y are the Standard Model Higgs self-coupling and a generic Yukawa coupling, respectively. The dimension-six operators modify the running of the Standard Model parameters themselves, and we compute the complete one-loop result for this. We discuss how there is mixing between operators for which no direct one-particle-irreducible diagram exists, due to operator replacements by the equations of motion.

/pdf/renormalization-group-evolution-of-the-standard-model-unfinsc6sk.pdf

Renormalization Group Evolution of the Standard Model Dimension Six Operators I: Formalism and lambda Dependence

We calculate the order λ, λ2 and λy
 2 terms of the 59 × 59 one-loop anomalous dimension matrix of dimension-six operators, where λ and y are the Standard Model Higgs self-coupling and a generic Yukawa coupling, respectively. The dimension-six operators modify the running of the Standard Model parameters themselves, and we compute the complete one-loop result for this. We discuss how there is mixing between operators for which no direct one-particle-irreducible diagram exists, due to operator replacements by the equations of motion.

/pdf/renormalization-group-evolution-of-the-standard-model-30rjhekvj7.pdf

Elizabeth Jenkins

Papers

Baryon chiral perturbation theory using a heavy fermion lagrangian

Renormalization group evolution of the Standard Model dimension six operators III: gauge coupling dependence and phenomenology

Renormalization group evolution of the Standard Model dimension six operators II: Yukawa dependence

Renormalization Group Evolution of the Standard Model Dimension Six Operators I: Formalism and lambda Dependence

Renormalization group evolution of the standard model dimension six operators. I: formalism and λ dependence