Nursing Research—Principles and Methods

Lifelong Learning and the New Educational Order

A possible association between low-level lead exposure and elevated blood pressure has been recognized for some time. Such a connection is plausible in view of findings in animal studies that lead directly affects cardiaccontractility and excitability, alters the compliance of vascular smooth muscle, and acts on central nervous system areas involved in regulating blood pressure. Lead also might influence blood pressure through the renin-angiotensin syndrome. This study examined the relation between lead exposure and blood pressure in a population-based sample of 2165 perimenopausal and postmenopausal women who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1988 to 1994. Hypertension was defined as a systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher, a diastolic pressure of at least 90 mm Hg, or current antihypertensive medication. Blood lead levels were estimated, by spectrophotometry. The overall mean blood lead level in women 40 to 59 years of age was 2.9 μg/dL. Women with higher levels tended to be older, to smoke and drink regularly, and to be poorer and less educated than the rest of the sample. Hypertension was found in 604 women. Blood lead levels correlated with systolic, but not with diastolic, blood pressure. In addition, there was a significant dose-response relationship, with the prevalence of hypertension ranging from 19% of women in the lowest quartile of blood level to 28% in the highest quartile. Multivariate analyses showed blood lead levels to be significantly related to both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. After adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, smoking, body mass index, alcohol intake, and kidney function, a difference in blood lead levels between the lowest and highest quartiles correlated with a difference of 1.7 mm Hg systolic and 1.4 mm Hg diastolic blood pressure. The relationship between lead levels and systolic hypertension was significant in postmenopausal women but not in the premenopausal group. Diastolic hypertension as well was most closely related to blood lead quartile in postmenopausal women. These findings suggest that small increments in blood lead levels above 1 μg/dL increase blood pressure in women. This level is well below that considered to be harmful to adults. Continued efforts are needed to limit lead exposure, especially in women.

Blood lead, blood pressure, and hypertension in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women

Thank you very much for reading medical surgical nursing assessment and management of clinical problems. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search hundreds times for their favorite books like this medical surgical nursing assessment and management of clinical problems, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some infectious virus inside their desktop computer.

Medical Surgical Nursing Assessment And Management Of Clinical Problems

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Planning and management in distance education

A Content Analysis Study: Concerns of Indonesian Women Infected With HIV by Husbands Who Used Intravenous Drugs.

Abstrak Tujuan penelitian untuk mengidentifikasi penurunan tekanan darah dan tingkat kecemasan pasien hipertensi primer setelah melakukan latihan slow deep breathing antara kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol. Penelitian menggunakan desain kuasi eksperimen Pretest-Posttest Control Group melibatkan 28 responden untuk setiap kelompok. Hasil menunjukkan perbedaan penurunan rata-rata tekanan darah sistolik sebesar 15,5 mmHg, perbedaan penurunan rata-rata tekanan darah diastolik sebesar 9,9 mmHg dan perbedaan penurunan rata-rata skor tingkat kecemasan sebesar 3,2. Analisis lebih lanjut menunjukkan ada perbedaan penurunan yang signifikan rata-rata tekanan darah sistolik, tekanan darah diastolik dan tingkat kecemasan antara kelompok intervensi dengan kelompok kontrol (p= 0,000, α= 0,05). Latihan Slow deep breathing dalam pelayanan keperawatan dapat digunakan sebagai intervensi keperawatan mandiri dalam memberikan asuhan keperawatan pada pasien hipertensi primer. Abstract The purpose of this study is to identify the reduction of blood pressure and anxiety level in patients with primary hypertension after slow deep breathing exercise between intervention and control groups. This research utilized a Quasi-Experimental Pre – post test Control Group design involved 28 subjects for each group. The result indicated that there is a decrease of 9.9 mm Hg in the average of systolic blood pressure and the anxiety level of 3.2 after the intervention. Further result demonstrated that there is a significant reduction of the average systolic and diastolic pressure, and anxiety level between intervention and control groups (p= 0,000, α= 0,05 ). Therefore, the slow deep breathing exercise can be applied as one of the independent nursing therapies in nursing care of patients with primary hypertension.

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Penurunan Tekanan Darah dan Kecemasan Melalui Latihan Slow Deep Breathing Pada Pasien Hipertensi Primer

Plebitis adalah salah satu komplikasi terapi infus. Salah satu faktor penyebab plebitis adalah kurang terampilnya perawat saat melakukan pemasangan infus. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan perawat tentang terapi infus dengan kejadian plebitis dan kenyamanan. Jenis penelitian analitic-corelational dengan pendekatan cross-sectional, dengan jumlah sampel 65 perawat pelaksana rawat inap dan 65 pasien yang dipasang infus. Hasil menunjukkan 50,8% perawat memiliki pengetahuan kurang baik, angka kejadian plebitis sebesar 40%, dan 53,8% merasa nyaman dengan pemasangan infus. Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan perawat tentang terapi infus dengan kejadian plebitis (p=0,000; α=0,05), dan dengan kenyamanan (p=0,000; α=0,05). Direkomendasikan untuk perawat agar meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan pemasangan infus sehingga komplikasi dan ketidaknyamanan akibat pemasangan infus dapat dikurangi.

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Pengetahuan Perawat Tentang Terapi Infus Mempengaruhi Kejadian Plebitis Dan Kenyamanan Pasien

Mother-daugther communication about sexual and reproductive health issues in Singkawang, West Kalimantan, Indonesia.

Perkesmas merupakan upaya program pengembangan puskesmas yang kegiatannya terintegrasi dalam upaya kesehatan wajib dan upaya kesehatan pengembangan lainnya. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan kompetensi perawat puskesmas dan tingkat keterlaksanaan kegiatan perkesmas di Kota Pontianak. Desain penelitian adalah analitik korelasi secara cross sectional dengan sampel 118 perawat. Analisis data dengan Chi-Square, uji t independen, dan regresi logistik. Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara kompetensi perawat puskesmas dan tingkat keterlaksanaan kegiatan perkesmas (p= 0,000; α= 0,05). Lebih lanjut diketahui bahwa terdapat interaksi antara kompetensi dan pelatihan. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan peningkatan kompetensi perawat guna keoptimalan pelaksanaan perkesmas melalui pelatihan, pembinaan melalui tim yang ditugasi, ataupun kerja sama dengan teman sejawat serta memberikan dukungan berupa kebijakan untuk penghargaan dan sanksi seperti jenjang karir perawat.

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Elly Nurachmah

Papers

A Content Analysis Study: Concerns of Indonesian Women Infected With HIV by Husbands Who Used Intravenous Drugs.

Penurunan Tekanan Darah dan Kecemasan Melalui Latihan Slow Deep Breathing Pada Pasien Hipertensi Primer

Pengetahuan Perawat Tentang Terapi Infus Mempengaruhi Kejadian Plebitis Dan Kenyamanan Pasien

Mother-daugther communication about sexual and reproductive health issues in Singkawang, West Kalimantan, Indonesia.

Kompetensi Perawat Puskesmas dan Tingkat Keterlaksanaan Kegiatan Perawatan Kesehatan Masyarakat (Perkesmas)