Nowadays, biopolymers as intelligent and active biopolymer systems in the food and pharmaceutical industry are of considerable interest in their use. With this association in view, biopolymers such as chitosan, alginate, pectin, cellulose, agarose, guar gum, agar, carrageenan, gelatin, dextran, xanthan, and other polymers have received significant attention in recent years due to their abundance and natural availability. Furthermore, their versatile properties such as non-toxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and flexibility offer significant functionalities with multifunctional applications. The purpose of this review is to summarize the most compatible biopolymers such as chitosan, alginate, and pectin, which are used for application in food, biotechnological processes, and biomedical applications. Therefore, chitosan, alginate, and pectin are biopolymers (used in the food industry as a stabilizing, thickening, capsular agent, and packaging) with great potential for future developments. Moreover, this review highlights their characteristics, with a particular focus on their potential for biocompatibility, biodegradability, bioadhesiveness, and their limitations on certain factors in the human gastrointestinal tract.

The Use of Chitosan, Alginate, and Pectin in the Biomedical and Food Sector-Biocompatibility, Bioadhesiveness, and Biodegradability.

Deep Eutectic Solvents

https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/access/item%3A3192053/view

Green solvents from ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents to natural deep eutectic solvents

Application of deep eutectic solvents in biomass pretreatment and conversion

Natural deep eutectic solvents-mediated extractions: The way forward for sustainable analytical developments.

Deacidification of palm oil using betaine monohydrate-based natural deep eutectic solvents

This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent (NADES), consisting of choline chloride and a hydrogen bonding donor (HBD) compound, in terms of carbon dioxide absorption. Solubility of carbon dioxide in NADES was found to be influenced HBD compound used and choline chloride to HBD ratio, carbon dioxide pressure, and contact time. HBD and choline/HBD ratios used were 1,2-propanediol (1:2), glycerol (1:2), and malic acid (1:1). The carbon dioxide absorption measurement was conducted using an apparatus that utilizes the volumetric method. Absorption curves were obtained up to pressures of 30 bar, showing a linear relationship between the amount absorbed and the final pressure of carbon dioxide. The choline and 1,2-propanediol eutectic mixture absorbs the highest amount of carbon dioxide, approaching 0.1 mole-fraction at 3.0 MPa and 50°C. We found that NADES ability to absorb carbon dioxide correlates with its polarity as tested using Nile Red as a solvatochromic probe.

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Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) as green solvents for carbon dioxide capture

Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) is a fruit that is rich in xanthones, utilized as health supplements or additives in food products due to their high antioxidant activities. Choline chloride (ChCl)-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) with polyalcohols (ethylene glycol, glycerol, propanediols, and butanediols) as hydrogen bonding donors (HBDs) were used to extract the xanthones from the pericarp of mangosteen. DESs with 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, and 1,2-butanediol as HBDs (ChCl to HBD mole ratio of 1:3) afforded the highest extraction yields (2.40-2.63%) of α-mangostin, the most abundant component that represents xanthones. These DESs have intermediate Nile Red polar parameter values similar to that of ethanol and provide extraction yields with a quadratic dependence on the polar parameter. Polarity and viscosity, the important physicochemical properties to consider in the selection of DES as an extraction solvent, could be adjusted based on the consideration of the molecular structure of the polyalcohols. The following factors qualifies the ChCl-1,2-propanediol DES as a designer solvent for green extraction: It is selected from a set of DESs having a homologous class of HBDs to deliver the highest α-mangostin extraction yield, its extract composition similar to that obtained using ethanol, it has low or negligible vapor pressure, both of its components are generally recognized as safe chemicals so that direct utilization of a DES extract is possible, and this DES is used for utilization of agricultural waste products as the resource of bioactive compounds.

Polyalcohols as hydrogen-bonding donors in choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents for extraction of xanthones from the pericarp of Garcinia mangostana L.

There are two most widely reported mechanisms to study the effect of magnetic fields on calcium car- bonate (CaCO3) precipitate, namely ionic and particle mechanisms. The effects are most debatable because they are contrary to each other. This study explored the effects of both mechanisms in CaCO3 deposit and total CaCO3 pre- cipitation using ionic and particle methods. The ionic method showed reductions in CaCO3 deposit and total precipita- tion rate of CaCO3, whereas the particle method showed the opposite results. The particle number decreased and the average particle diameter of CaCO3 deposit increased in the ionic method. Meanwhile in the particle method, the particle number increased, average particle diameter decreased and particle aggregation of CaCO3 was observed. XRD meas- urement on all deposits showed that the crystal deposit was mostly of calcite and the traces of vaterite. However, the amount of the crystal in the particle method was observed to be less than that in the ionic method, indicating that CaCO3 deposit was more amorphous. Particle mechanism decreased the Ca 2+ ion concentration in solution during magnetiza- tion, and ionic mechanism reduced scale (CaCO3) formation after magnetization and separation processes. This method could be applied for decreasing water hardness and prevent the formation of scaling.

https://www.cheric.org/PDF/KJChE/KC25/KC25-5-1145.pdf

Effects of magnetic field on calcium carbonate precipitation: Ionic and particle mechanisms

The leaves of binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten) Steenis) contain flavonoids as bioactive substances that have efficacy to treat wounds and diseases caused by bacteria. One of the flavonoids contained in the leaves is 8-glucopyranosyl-4’5’7-trihydroxyflavone or vitexin. Conventional extraction of flavonoids from leaves of binahong has been developed and usually using non-friendly organic solvent. To overcome these problems, a Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent (NADES) is used to replace the conventional organic solvents, as it is an environmentally friendly, non-toxic and high boiling point solvent. In this study, a betaine-based NADES combined with 1,4-butanediol in 1:3 mole ratio was used as the extraction solvent. Vitexin in the extract was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using an HPLC. The extraction of vitexin from binahong leaves at room temperature (27 °C) for four hours give yield of 46 ppm, much lower than 200 ppm yield obtained after extraction at 55 °C for 90 minutes. This results showed ...

/pdf/extraction-of-vitexin-from-binahong-anredera-cordifolia-ten-5bw79ijdrs.pdf

Elsa Anisa Krisanti

Papers

Deacidification of palm oil using betaine monohydrate-based natural deep eutectic solvents

Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) as green solvents for carbon dioxide capture

Polyalcohols as hydrogen-bonding donors in choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents for extraction of xanthones from the pericarp of Garcinia mangostana L.

Effects of magnetic field on calcium carbonate precipitation: Ionic and particle mechanisms

Extraction of vitexin from binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) leaves using betaine - 1,4 butanediol natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES)