Epidemiological studies have revealed that a diet rich in plant-derived foods has a protective effect on human health. Identifying bioactive dietary constituents is an active area of scientific investigation that may lead to new drug discovery. Kaempferol (3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one) is a flavonoid found in many edible plants (e.g. tea, broccoli, cabbage, kale, beans, endive, leek, tomato, strawberries and grapes) and in plants or botanical products commonly used in traditional medicine (e.g. Ginkgo biloba, Tilia spp, Equisetum spp, Moringa oleifera, Sophora japonica and propolis). Some epidemiological studies have found a positive association between the consumption of foods containing kaempferol and a reduced risk of developing several disorders such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Numerous preclinical studies have shown that kaempferol and some glycosides of kaempferol have a wide range of pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, antidiabetic, anti-osteoporotic, estrogenic/antiestrogenic, anxiolytic, analgesic and antiallergic activities. In this article, the distribution of kaempferol in the plant kingdom and its pharmacological properties are reviewed. The pharmacokinetics (e.g. oral bioavailability, metabolism, plasma levels) and safety of kaempferol are also analyzed. This information may help understand the health benefits of kaempferol-containing plants and may contribute to develop this flavonoid as a possible agent for the prevention and treatment of some diseases.

A review on the dietary flavonoid kaempferol.

Tea polyphenols: prevention of cancer and optimizing health. Discussion 4.

The immune system is an efficient integrated network of cellular elements and chemicals developed to preserve the integrity of the organism against external insults and its correct functioning and balance are essential to avoid the occurrence of a great variety of disorders. To date, evidence from literature highlights an increase in immunological diseases and a great attention has been focused on the development of molecules able to modulate the immune response. There is an enormous global demand for new effective therapies and researchers are investigating new fields. One promising strategy is the use of herbal medicines as integrative, complementary and preventive therapy. The active components in medical plants have always been an important source of clinical therapeutics and the study of their molecular pharmacology is an enormous challenge since they offer a great chemical diversity with often multi-pharmacological activity. In this review, we mainly analysed the immunomodulatory/antinflammatory activity of Echinacea spp. and Curcuma longa, focusing on some issues of the phytochemical research and on new possible strategies to obtain novel agents to supplement the present therapies.

https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/11/2778/pdf

Immunomodulators Inspired by Nature: A Review on Curcumin and Echinacea.

Objective
To investigate the cytotoxic effect of Elaeis guineensis methanol extract on MCF-7 and Vero cell.

Cytotoxicity of methanol extracts of Elaeis guineensis on MCF-7 and Vero cell lines.

Phytochemicals, nutritionals and antioxidant properties of two prickly pear cactus cultivars (Opuntia ficus indica Mill.) growing in Taif, KSA.

The use of plants and their derived substances increases day by day for the discovery of new therapeutic agents owing to their versatile applications. Conocarpus erectus L. (family Combretaceae) is one of two species in the genus Conocarpus widely spread in Taif and other parts of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It is used in some countries as folk remedy for anemia, catarrh, conjunctivitis, diabetes, diarrhea and fever. To our knowledge from literatures there is little work about phytochemical contents and biological activities of C. erectus which encouraged the authors to carry out this study. The four defatted methanol extracts of C. erectus different parts (leaves, stems, fruits and flowers) showed high free radical scavenging activity toward DPPH radical with SC 50 between 6.47-9.4 µg/ml. The nBuOH fractions obtained from successive fractionation of the four defatted methanol extracts had radical scavenging activity with SC 50 between 4.43-5.89 µg/ml higher than the EtOAc fractions (7.04-10.71 µg/ml). Due to the high antioxidant activity of the EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions, it was in vitro assayed toward two human cancer cell lines; HepG2 & MCF-7; using Sulphorhodamine-B assay method. The results showed that most fractions had cytotoxic activity with IC 50 < 20µg/ml which fall within the American Cancer Institute criteria. A preliminary antibacterial screening of the four defatted methanol extracts of the different parts toward five bacterial strains were done. Phytochemical investigation of the

https://zenodo.org/record/8671/files/1330427249-Abdel-Hameedetal_2011EJMP1040.pdf

Phytochemical Studies and Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anticancer and Antimicrobial Properties of Conocarpus erectus L. Growing in Taif, Saudi Arabia

The present study was designed to identify the chemical constituents of the methanolic extract of Curcuma longa L. rhizomes and their inhibitory effect on a hepatoma cell line. The methanolic extract was subjected to GC-MS analysis to identify the volatile constituents and the other part of the same extract was subjected to liquid column chromatographic separation to isolate curcumin. The inhibition of cell growth in the hepatoma cell line and the cytopathological changes were studied. GC-MS analysis showed the presence of fifty compounds in the methanolic extract of C. longa. The major compounds were ar-turmerone (20.50 %), β-sesquiphellandrene (5.20 %) and curcumenol (5.11 %). Curcumin was identified using IR, 1H and 13C NMR. The inhibition of cell growth by curcumin (IC50 = 41.69 ± 2.87 μg mL-1) was much more effective than that of methanolic extract (IC50 = 196.12 ± 5.25 μg mL-1). Degenerative and apoptotic changes were more evident in curcumin- treated hepatoma cells than in those treated with the methanol extract. Antitumor potential of the methanolic extract may be attributed to the presence of sesquiterpenes and phenolic constituents including curcumin (0.051 %, 511.39 μg g-1 dried methanol extract) in C. longa rhizomes.

/pdf/bioactive-chemical-constituents-of-curcuma-longa-l-rhizomes-30gupq9v6u.pdf

Bioactive chemical constituents of Curcuma longa L. rhizomes extract inhibit the growth of human hepatoma cell line (HepG2)

Summary This study was performed to investigate the antioxidant activity of the defatted 70% methanol extract of Ficus sycomorus leaves using DPPH radical scavenging assay-guided isolation. This extract was fractionated using CHCl3, EtOAc and nBuOH. The results revealed that EtOAc and n-BuOH have strong DPPH radical scavenging (SC50 =13.48 and 8.47 µg/ml). Therefore, each EtOAc and n-BuOH was subjected to chromatographic separation and purification. Four compounds were isolated from EtOAc fraction (1-4) and three compounds from n-BuOH (5-7). The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated using certain spectroscopic methods as quercetin (1) gallic acid (2) quercetin 3-O-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (Rutin) (3) ,quercetin 3-O-β-Dglucopyranoside (Isoquercitrin) (4), quercetin 3,7-O-α-L-dirhamnoside (5), quercetin 3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl(1→6)-glucopyranoside (6) and β-sitosterol-3-β-Dglucopyranoside (7). Compounds (1-6) were found as major components and principally responsible for the antioxidant activity of F.sycomorus by using two in vitro methods, DPPH radical and total antioxidant capacity respectively. This is the first report on the antioxidant activity of the chemical constituents of F.sycomorus.

/pdf/bio-guided-isolation-and-structure-elucidation-of-2gs413p5gl.pdf

Bio-guided isolation and structure elucidation of antioxidant compounds from the leaves of ficus sycomorus

Context: Cancer is a serious clinical problem to the health care system. Anticancer drugs have been extracted from plants containing phenolic compounds. Leucenia species (Fabaceae) contain a variety of bioactive components of numerous biological and pharmacological properties.Objective: This study explored the constitutive polyphenols of Leucenia leucocephala Lam. growing in Egypt and evaluated the antioxidant and cytotoxic activity.Materials and methods: Chemical structures of the isolated compounds from the leaves of L. leucocephala were established by spectral techniques (UV, 1H, and 13C NMR, MS).Results: Chromatographic separation of 80% MeOH extract of the leaves of L. leucocephala have resulted in a novel flavonoid-galloyl glycoside [myricetin 3-O-(2′,3′4′-tri-O-galloyl)-α-l-rhamnopyranoside] with three known polyphenolic compounds isolated for the first time from this species (apigenin 7-O-β-d-glucuronopyranoside methyl ester, luteolin 7-O-β-d-glucuronopyranoside methyl ester, and 1,3,6-tri-O-gallo...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.3109/13880209.2011.568623

Antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of polyphenolic compounds isolated from the leaves of Leucenia leucocephala.

/pdf/in-vitro-antioxidant-total-phenolic-and-flavonoid-contents-36qhtfu9i1.pdf

Eman A. El-Wakil

Papers

Phytochemical Studies and Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anticancer and Antimicrobial Properties of Conocarpus erectus L. Growing in Taif, Saudi Arabia

Bioactive chemical constituents of Curcuma longa L. rhizomes extract inhibit the growth of human hepatoma cell line (HepG2)

Bio-guided isolation and structure elucidation of antioxidant compounds from the leaves of ficus sycomorus

Antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of polyphenolic compounds isolated from the leaves of Leucenia leucocephala.

In vitro antioxidant, total phenolic and flavonoid contents of six allium species growing in egypt