Emma McMahon

TL;DR: In this article, the authors conducted a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized crossover trial assessing the effects of high versus low sodium intake on ambulatory BP, 24-hour protein and albumin excretion, fluid status (body composition monitor), renin and aldosterone levels, and arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity and augmentation index) in 20 adult patients with hypertensive stage 3-4 CKD as phase 1 of the LowSALT CKD study.

TL;DR: The benefits and harms of altering dietary salt intake in people with CKD, and the effect of salt restriction on endpoints such as mortality, cardiovascular events or CKD progression, changes in salt intake on blood pressure and other secondary risk factors were applied.

TL;DR: The aim of this systematic review was to determine to what extent foods can be reduced in salt without detrimental effect on consumer acceptability, and support manufacturers to make greater reductions in salt when reformulating food products, which will contribute to a healthier food supply.

TL;DR: Based on moderate quality of evidence, population-level behaviour change interventions can improve salt-related behaviours and/or reduce salt intake and closer analysis of higher quality studies show inconsistent evidence of the effectiveness and limited effect sizes suggest the implementation of education and awareness-raising interventions alone are unlikely to be adequate in reducing population salt intake to the recommended levels.

TL;DR: Methods for measuring sodium intake with a specific focus on CKD patients are critically reviewed, factors that have optimized sodium restriction in key research trials are appraised, and barriers to sodium restriction and factors that must be considered when recommending a sodium-restricted diet are discussed.