Evolutionary psychology is one of many biologically informed approaches to the study of human behavior. Along with cognitive psychologists, evolutionary psychologists propose that much, if not all, of our behavior can be explained by appeal to internal psychological mechanisms. What distinguishes evolutionary psychologists from many cognitive psychologists is the proposal that the relevant internal mechanisms are adaptations—products of natural selection—that helped our ancestors get around the world, survive and reproduce. To understand the central claims of evolutionary psychology we require an understanding of some key concepts in evolutionary biology, cognitive psychology, philosophy of science and philosophy of mind. Philosophers are interested in evolutionary psychology for a number of reasons. For philosophers of science —mostly philosophers of biology—evolutionary psychology provides a critical target. There is a broad consensus among philosophers of science that evolutionary psychology is a deeply flawed enterprise. For philosophers of mind and cognitive science evolutionary psychology has been a source of empirical hypotheses about cognitive architecture and specific components of that architecture. Philosophers of mind are also critical of evolutionary psychology but their criticisms are not as all-encompassing as those presented by philosophers of biology. Evolutionary psychology is also invoked by philosophers interested in moral psychology both as a source of empirical hypotheses and as a critical target.

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Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

Presented in two parts, this article proposes a research programme devoted to examining ‘processes of economization’. In the first instalment, published in Economy and Society 38(3) (2009), we introduced the notion of ‘economization’. The term refers to the assembly and qualification of actions, devices and analytical/practical descriptions as ‘economic’ by social scientists and market actors. Through an analysis of selected works in anthropology, economics and sociology, we discussed the importance, meaning and framing of economization, unravelling its trace within a variety of disciplinary backgrounds. This second instalment of the article explores what it would mean to move this research programme forward by taking processes of economization as a topic of empirical investigation. Given the vast terrain of relationships that produce its numerous trajectories, to illustrate what such a project would entail we have limited ourselves to the examination of processes we call ‘marketization’. These p...

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Economization, part 2: a research programme for the study of markets

International law is a social historical legal tradition that emerged and spread over time to deal with matters between and across polities. This statement may appear obvious, but its full implications point to a thorough reconstruction of theoretical accounts of international law. Part I recounts how Bentham inadvertently created an enduring set of theoretical problems for international law. Part II describes international law as a social historical legal tradition, showing its European origins and diffusion with imperialism, and exposing three slants in international law. Part III broadens the lens to sketch the history of interaction between and across polities and how this has been managed. Part IV details contemporary efforts to deal with this interaction through organizations and transnational law and regulation. With this background in place, Part V elaborates a series of theoretical clarifications. First I unravel several confusions that result from construing state law and international law as parallel categories and conflating system with category. Then I explain why international law is a form of law, although not a unified hierarchical system. Contrary to common perceptions, furthermore, I show that state law and international law are not and have never been separate systems. Finally, I clarify the relationship between international law and transnational law and regulation. Aspects of this theoretical reconstruction may initially appear surprising, but they follow from the insight that international law is a social historical tradition.

What Is International Law

This article takes seriously the proposition that ideas and concepts, both good and bad, have an impact on international public policy. It situates the emergence of governance, good governance and global governance, as well as the UN's role in the conceptual process. Although 'governance' is as old as human history, this essay concentrates on the intellectual debates of the 1980s and 1990s but explores such earlier UN-related ideas as decolonisation, localisation and human rights, against which more recent thinking has been played out. A central analytical perspective is the tension between many academics and international practitioners who employ 'governance' to connote a complex set of structures and processes, both public and private, while more popular writers tend to use it synonymously with 'government'.

Governance, good governance and global governance: conceptual and actual challenges

While one of the most important attempts to explain the rise of authoritarian regimes and their relationship to problems of economic development has been the "bureaucratic-authoritarian model," there has been growing dissatisfaction with various elements of this model In light of this dissatisfaction, a group of leading economists, political scientists, and sociologists was brought together to assess the adequacy; of the model and suggest directions for its reformulation This volume is the product of their discussions over a period of three years and represents an important advance in the critique and refinement of ideas about political development Part One provides an overview of the issues of social science analysis raised by the recent emergence of authoritarianism in Latin America and contains chapters by David Collier and Fernando Henrique Cardoso The chapters in Part Two address the problem of explaining the rise of bureaucratic authoritarianism and are written by Albert Hirschman, Jose Serra, Robert Kaufman, and Julio Coder In Part Three Guillermo O'Donnell, James Kurth, and David Collier discuss the likely future patterns of change in bureaucratic authoritarianism, opportunities for extending the analysis to Europe, and priorities for future research The book includes a glossary and an extensive bibliography

The New authoritarianism in Latin America

Introduction 1. Economic Dispositions The History of Sentiments Civilized and Commercial Society The Unfrightened Mind Two Kinds of Enlightenment The Devil Himself Heroic Dispositions A Sort of Inner Shuddering The Cold Light of Reason and the Warmth of Economic Life Seeing the State as in a Picture Indulgence and Indifference The Light of History The Enlightenment and the Present 2. Adam Smith and Conservative Economics This Famous Philosopher Scotland in the 1790s Economic and Political Freedom The Liberal Reward of Labor One-Sided Rationalistic Liberalism Smith's Real Sentiments 3. Commerce and the State A Reciprocal Dependence Scarcities, Dearths, and Famines Poverty and General Equilibrium Turgot's Policies against Famine Interpretations of Smith and Turgot The Lapse of Time 4. Apprenticeship and Insecurity A Strange Adventure It Is But Equity, Besides Corporations and Competition Education and Apprenticeship A State of Nonage The Apprenticeship: A Digression on the Slave Trade Uncertain Jurisprudence History and Institutions 5. The Bloody and Invisible Hand The Invisible Hand of Jupiter Tremble, Unfortunate King! Intentions and Interests Political Influence Clerical Systems Smith's "Stoicism" Order and Design A Persuasive Device Explanation and Understanding Greatest Possible Values Evolved Orders Two Shortcomings of Liberal Thought 6. Economic and Political Choice Raton Was Quite Astonished... General Economic Interdependence Giving the Impression of Doing Nothing The Soul Discouraged Poverty, Taxes, and Unsalubrious Factories Formal Methods Social Choice and Economic Procedures Discussions and Constitutions Pelion and Ossa 7. Condorcet and the Conflict of Values Cold, Descriptive Cartesian Reason Diversity and Uniformity The Indissoluble Chain Civilized Conflict Inconsistent Universalism Domestic Virtues The Imaginary Enlightenment The Liberty of Thought and Discussion 8. A Fatherless World A Different Enlightenment Smith and Condorcet Uncertainty and Irresolution A System of Sentiments Civilized Political Discussion Economic Sentiments A World Unrestored Suitable Equality Notes Acknowledgments Index

Economic Sentiments: Adam Smith, Condorcet, and the Enlightenment

Adam Smith and the invisible hand

20.47 MB Free download The Inner Life of Empires: An Eighteenth-Century History book PDF, FB2, EPUB and MOBI. Read online The Inner Life of Empires: An Eighteenth-Century History which classified as Other that has 496 pages that contain constructive material with lovely reading experience. Reading online The Inner Life of Empires: An Eighteenth-Century History book will be provide using wonderful book reader and it's might gives you some access to identifying the book content before you download the book.

The Inner Life of Empires: An Eighteenth-Century History

Adam Smith and conservative economics

A PRACTICAL AND POPULAR MANNER Adam Smith's writings on economic subjects - to adapt the title that his closest friends gave to his posthumously published Essays on Philosophical Subjects - are diverse, discursive, and interspersed with almost everything else that he wrote. Economic life, for Smith, was intricately interconnected with the rest of life, or with the life of politics, sentiment, and imagination. Economic thought was interconnected with the rest of thought, or with legal, philosophical, and moral reflection. In the speculative thought of philosophers, as in the plans and projects of merchants, the economic and the political were virtually impossible to distinguish. “I have begun to write a book in order to pass away the time,” Smith wrote to David Hume from Toulouse, in 1764. He devoted some 12 years of his life to the composition of The Wealth of Nations , which was eventually published in 1776 (“finish your Work before Autumn; go to London; print it,” Hume had written sternly in 1772) (Corr., pp. 102, 166). But The Wealth of Nations is not concerned only with wealth, and Smith's other writings and lectures were concerned in part with wealth, as well as with the emotional or moral lives of individuals ( The Theory of Moral Sentiments ), or with legal institutions (the lectures on jurisprudence). In The Wealth of Nations , individuals seek amusement, attention, and conversation; they think about fear and oppression; they reflect on ontology; and they are interested in equity. In The Theory of Moral Sentiments , they desire trinkets and tweezer cases, they have theories about wealth and poverty, and they reflect on the commerce with China and on the precariousness of life. Smith says almost nothing about self-love in The Wealth of Nations ; it is a principal theme of The Theory of Moral Sentiments . “[I]t is chiefly from this regard to the sentiments of mankind, that we pursue riches and avoid poverty,” Smith wrote in The Theory of Moral Sentiments (I.iii.2.1), of the desire to be attended to, and taken notice of.

Emma Rothschild

Papers

Economic Sentiments: Adam Smith, Condorcet, and the Enlightenment

Adam Smith and the invisible hand

The Inner Life of Empires: An Eighteenth-Century History

Adam Smith and conservative economics

Adam Smith’s Economics