Introduction to Phenomenology

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The Eyes Of The Skin Architecture And The Senses

Purpose: In this study we investigate why do people spectate eSports on the internet. We define eSports (electronic sports) as a form of sports where the primary aspects of the sport are facilitated by electronic systems; the input of players and teams as well as the output of the eSports system are mediated by human-computer interfaces. In more practical terms, eSports refer to competitive video gaming (broadcasted on the internet).Methodology: We employed the MSSC (Motivations Scale for Sports Consumption) which is one of the most widely applied measurement instruments for sports consumption in general. The questionnaire was designed and pre-tested before distributing to target respondents (N=888). The reliability and validity of the instrument both met the commonly accepted guidelines. The model was assessed first by examining its measurement model and then the structural model.Findings: The results indicate that escapism, acquiring knowledge about the games being played, novelty and eSports athlete aggressiveness were found to positively predict eSport spectating frequency.Originality: During recent years, eSports (electronic sports) and video game streaming have become rapidly growing forms of new media in the internet driven by the growing provenance of (online) games and online broadcasting technologies. Today, hundreds of millions of people spectate eSports. The present investigation presents a large study on gratification-related determinants of why people spectate eSports on the internet. Moreover, the study proposes a definition for eSports and further discusses how eSports can be seen as a form of sports.

/pdf/what-is-esports-and-why-do-people-watch-it-oqv2l7h1pj.pdf

What Is eSports and Why Do People Watch It

Doing Visual EthnographyDoing EthnographyDoing Visual ResearchPrinciples of Visual AnthropologyThe Wiley Handbook of Ethnography of EducationAdvances in Visual MethodologyVisual Methods in Social ResearchDoing Visual EthnographyInnovative Methods in Media and Communication ResearchUrban Youth and PhotovoiceReflecting Visual EthnographyRethinking Visual AnthropologyAn Anthropology of the SubjectVisual InterventionsExperimental EthnographyVisualizing AnthropologyDoing Visual EthnographyThe Future of Visual AnthropologyVisual Research Methods in the Social SciencesDoing Visual EthnographyThe SAGE Encyclopedia of Qualitative Research MethodsQualitative Inquiry Under FireWorking ImagesDrawn to SeeVisual ResearchDigital EthnographyInterpreting Visual EthnographyVisual Methods in the FieldDoing Public EthnographyDoing Anthropology in Consumer ResearchBeing EthnographicVideo EthnographyChallenges and Solutions in Ethnographic ResearchMuseumsThe Routledge International Handbook of Ethnographic Film and VideoDoing Visual EthnographyMediating MobilityDoing Sensory EthnographyMade to Be SeenVisual Anthropology

Doing Visual Ethnography

The purpose of this paper is to investigate why do people spectate eSports on the internet. The authors define eSports (electronic sports) as “a form of sports where the primary aspects of the sport are facilitated by electronic systems; the input of players and teams as well as the output of the eSports system are mediated by human-computer interfaces.” In more practical terms, eSports refer to competitive video gaming (broadcasted on the internet).,The study employs the motivations scale for sports consumption which is one of the most widely applied measurement instruments for sports consumption in general. The questionnaire was designed and pre-tested before distributing to target respondents (n=888). The reliability and validity of the instrument both met the commonly accepted guidelines. The model was assessed first by examining its measurement model and then the structural model.,The results indicate that escapism, acquiring knowledge about the games being played, novelty and eSports athlete aggressiveness were found to positively predict eSport spectating frequency.,During recent years, eSports (electronic sports) and video game streaming have become rapidly growing forms of new media in the internet driven by the growing provenance of (online) games and online broadcasting technologies. Today, hundreds of millions of people spectate eSports. The present investigation presents a large study on gratification-related determinants of why people spectate eSports on the internet. Moreover, the study proposes a definition for eSports and further discusses how eSports can be seen as a form of sports.

/pdf/what-is-esports-and-why-do-people-watch-it-4abc90699z.pdf

What is eSports and why do people watch it

In the following article, the author explores the notion of playing computer games as sports by sketching out the labors and sensations of Counter-Strike teams playing at pro/am e-sports local area...

http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1555412012454222

On the Digital Playing Field How We “Do Sport” With Networked Computer Games

Using data gathered through our participant observation and informal interviews at DreamHack Winter 2005 and 2009 we explore a number of themes that not only provide insight into aspects of face-to-face real-time play at LAN parties but also highlight considerations for game studies more generally. In particular, we focus on the heterogeneity of play and experience, the role of spectatorship in computer gaming, the public performance of leisure and gamer identity, and the growing presence of women in game culture. We conclude by suggesting that researchers should begin to consider the much larger trend in which this form of leisure activity is integrating itself into mainstream pop/youth/network culture.

http://tltaylor.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/TaylorWitkowski-ThisIsHowWePlayIt.pdf

This is how we play it: what a mega-LAN can teach us about games

This article explores the quality of running experience under the scaffolding of one particular audio adventure and running app -- Zombies, Run! Drawing on qualitative methods, in particular autophenomenography, this research maps out a 'Zombies, Run'! running aesthetic where body, environment, and technologies are interweaved and absorbed into the creation of local essences relating to this particular way of running. Considerations on body rhythm, practiced and novice runners, and a deepened awareness of running locations are described and analysed as key features of experiencing movement with this running app in hand. "Feeling the way" towards the nuances of embodied movement contributes to an increased awareness of the range and complexity of sensuous details at work when moving with this modern mobile gaming app. But also, other significant situations are explored including the embrace of this modern Indie exer-game by women, and the situatedness of core game mechanics in code, audio/narrative, environment, and moving bodies. Running from zombies is a playful movement practice, albeit a disorienting one, in which ones running experience in the world sits with the pleasures of running, body knowledge, environmental engagement, and speed play.

Running from zombies

In this article, we explore the ongoing negotiations and tensions involved in creating high-performance play and livestreaming practices, produced through assemblages of creative networked actions ...

Player power: Networked careers in esports and high-performance game livestreaming practices:

A certain type of young male is staged as the archetype of the high-performance 
computer game player: He is tough and competitive; he is heterosexual (and typically white); he is lean; he performs with bravado and shows zero tolerance for 
ﬂ aws. He is the image of the North American digital sporting hero marketed to 
young male gamers engaging with electronic sports (e-sports). However, not all 
players or high-performance gaming scenes ﬁt this ﬂ awless model of gender production, nor do all embrace it. This chapter explores the expert gaming scene of 
World of Warcraft “Arena Tournament, ” one of the high-performance e-sports (competitive and organized computer gaming tournaments) situated in 2010 on the
North American Major League Gaming Pro Circuit (MLG). Looking at player 
performances as well as the organizational structure of the MLG draws attention
to the tensions surrounding the production of masculinities within one e-sports 
scene and the nuances of gender relations therein.

Emma Witkowski

Papers

On the Digital Playing Field How We “Do Sport” With Networked Computer Games

This is how we play it: what a mega-LAN can teach us about games

Running from zombies

Player power: Networked careers in esports and high-performance game livestreaming practices:

Eventful masculinities: negotiations of hegemonic sporting masculinities at LANs