1. Introduction 2. Fear, interest and honor 3. The spirit and its expression 4. The ancient world 5. Medieval Europe 6. From Sun King to Revolution 7. Imperialism and World War I 8. World War II 9. Hitler to Bush and beyond 10. General findings and conclusions.

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A Cultural Theory of International Relations

Stimulated by recent high-profile incidents, concerns about business ethics have increased over the last decade. In response, research has focused on developing theoretical and empirical frameworks to understand ethical decision making. So far, empirical studies have used traditional quantitative tools, such as regression or multiple discriminant analysis (MDA), in ethics research. More advanced tools are needed. In this exploratory research, a new approach to classifying, categorizing and analyzing ethical decision situations is presented. A comparative performance analysis of artificial neural networks, MDA and chance showed that artificial neural networks predict better in both training and testing phases. While some limitations of this approach were noted, in the field of business ethics, such networks are promising as an alternative to traditional analytic tools like MDA.

Comprehensive bibliography

Part I. Introduction: 1. Ideology, technology and economic policy Part II. The Construction of the New European Infrastructure c. 1830-1914: 2. Infrastructure development and rights of way in the early nineteenth century 3. Local supply networks, private concessions and municipalisation 4. Railways and telegraph: economic growth and national unification 5. Electricity supply, tramways and new regulatory regimes c. 1870-1914 Part III. Nations and Networks 1914-45: 6. Infrastructure development from the nineteenth to the twentieth century: an overall perspective 7. The development of telecommunications 8. Network integration in electricity supply: successes and failures 9. Railway finances and road-rail competition Part IV. State Enterprise 1945-90: 10. The new state, economic organisation and planning 11. Coal, oil and security 12. Airline regulation and the transport revolution 13. Telecommunications: from calm to storm 14. Economic policy, financial accountability and productivity growth Part V. Conclusions: 15. The road to privatisation and de-regulation?

Private and Public Enterprise in Europe: Energy, telecommunications and transport, 1830-1990

In the late nineteenth century, in an age of ascendant racism and imperial expansion, there emerged in Cuba a movement that unified black, mulatto, and white men in an attack on Europe's oldest empire, with the goal of creating a nation explicitly defined as antiracist. This book tells the story of the thirty-year unfolding and undoing of that movement. Ada Ferrer examines the participation of black and mulatto Cubans in nationalist insurgency from 1868, when a slaveholder began the revolution by freeing his slaves, until the intervention of racially segregated American forces in 1898. In so doing, she uncovers the struggles over the boundaries of citizenship and nationality that their participation brought to the fore, and she shows that even as black participation helped sustain the movement ideologically and militarily, it simultaneously prompted accusations of race war and fed the forces of counterinsurgency. Carefully examining the tensions between racism and antiracism contained within Cuban nationalism, Ferrer paints a dynamic portrait of a movement built upon the coexistence of an ideology of racial fraternity and the persistence of presumptions of hierarchy. |Examines the tensions between racism and anti-racism in Cuba's struggle to become a nation between 1868 and 1898.

Insurgent Cuba: Race, Nation, and Revolution, 1868-1898

This 2005 book is a comparative history of the economic organisation of energy, telecommunications and transport in Europe in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It examines the role that private and public enterprise have played in the construction and operation of the railways, electricity, gas and water supply, tramways, coal, oil and natural gas industries, telegraph, telephone, computer networks and other modern telecommunications. The book begins with the arrival of the railways in the 1830s, charts the development of arms' length regulation, municipalisation and nationalisation, and ends on the eve of privatisation in the 1980s. Robert Millward argues that the role of ideology, especially in the form of debates about socialism and capitalism, has been exaggerated. Instead the driving forces in changes in economic organisation were economic and technological factors and the book traces their influence in shaping the pattern of regulation and ownership of these key sectors of modern economies.

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Private and public enterprise in Europe

In this provocative interdisciplinary study, Nicholas and Peter Onuf argue that the American Civil War was the first great war between modern nations, emerging from the wreckage of a federal union that was supposed to secure perpetual peace. Situating conceptions of nationhood and war in the broader context of modern history, the authors draw attention to overlooked aspects of liberal thought that stand in tension with the a historical individuals and markets that are so familiar to us today. The liberal conception of the autonomous, rights-bearing individual is the product, not the predicate, of what has actually been a protracted process of development. New ways of historical thinking gave rise to new ideas about the nations that collectively constituted international society; the behavior of sovereign nations in turn provided a liberal model for the reorganization of domestic societies. Changing conceptions of markets provided the impetus for nation-making, as well as for war. In the book's second part the authors show how controversy over trade policy in the early American republic led to irreconcilable ideas about the nature of the union and the relationship between home and world markets. When Southerners embraced the logic of nationhood of their known region and insisted that slavery promoted the wealth and welfare of the civilized world, Northerners held that an expanding continental republic embodied their national aspirations. In this light, the clash between Southern concerns with free markets and Northern concerns about nation-making, each classically liberal in its own way, looms especially large in the sectional tensions that led to the Civil War. The Union and Confederacy went to war as great nations determined to secure their place in the modern, civilized world because they were so much alike. Their war should not be seen as a tragic, inexplicable anomaly in American history. It was, instead, the precedent for subsequent, and even more horrific, conflicts among nations.

Nations, Markets, and War: Modern History and the American Civil War

Part I Slavery, Slave Systems, World History and Comparative History: 1 The study of ancient and modern slave systems: setting an agenda for comparison Enrico Dal Lago and Constantina Katsari 2 Slavery, gender, and work in the pre-modern world and early Greece: a cross-cultural analysis Orlando Patterson 3 Slavery as historical process: examples from the ancient Mediterranean and the modern Atlantic Joseph C Miller Part II Economics and Technology of Ancient and Modern Slave Systems: 4 The comparative economics of slavery in the Greco-Roman world Walter Scheidel 5 Slavery and technology in pre-industrial contexts Tracey Rihll 6 Comparing or interlinking? Economic comparisons of early nineteenth-century slave systems in the Americas in historical perspective Michael Zeuske Part III Ideologies and Practices of Management in Ancient and Modern Slavery: 7 Ideal models of slave management in the Roman world and the Antebellum American South Enrico Dal Lago and Constantina Katsari 8 Panis, disciplina, et opus servo: the Jesuit ideology in Portuguese America and Greco-Roman ideas of slavery Rafael de Bivar Marquese and Fabio Duarte Joly Part IV Exiting Slave Systems: 9 Processes of exiting the slave systems: a typology Olivier Petre-Grenouilleau 10 Emancipation schemes: different ways of ending slavery Stanley Engerman Part V Slavery and Unfree Labor, Ancient and Modern: 11 Spartiates, helots, and the direction of the agrarian economy: toward an understanding of helotage in comparative perspective Stephen Hodkinson

Slave Systems: Ancient and Modern

Recent scholarship on the Restoration period in Italy (1815–60) has put the accent on regional diversity and on particular developments within the different pre-unification states. In particular, recent studies on the Kingdom of Sardinia have added much to our view of the Piedmontese nobility's peculiar character and ability to maintain its identity through time. Equally, detailed studies of the economy of nineteenth-century Tuscany have emphasized the importance of banking and silk manufacturing, whilst studies of governmental policies in the Papal State have shed new light over a particular administrative monarchy's attempt at pursuing a policy of reconciliation between modernization and conservatism. Whilst these studies have shown the significance of regional developments during the Restoration, other studies have argued that the process of ‘inventing’ the Italian nation-state has led to a conscious obliteration of regional administrative and juridical traditions and have shown the way to the construction of an up-to-date regional synthesis of a historical period which is much more than a simple prelude to the unification of the country.

Society, economy, and politics in restoration italy: towards a regional synthesis

To date, only a handful of scholars, most notably C.L.R. James and Eugene Genovese, have seen slave rebellions and peasant revolts as having anything in common. Fewer scholars still would be prepared to accept the assumption that slaves and peasants were agrarian working classes that shared significant characteristics. Yet, the issues of rural unrest and class formation continue to haunt the historiography of both slave and peasant societies long after James' and Genovese's studies, and have forced several historians to revise and broaden their definitions of class conflict as a means to describe the social transformations of several rural regions. In this essay, I focus on the American South as a case study of a slave society and on the Italian South, or Mezzogiorno, as a case study of a peasant society. Notwithstanding the fundamental differences between the social structures of these two regions, in both cases debates on the class character of rural workers began when leftist historians raised the possibility of applying Marxist categories to their particular historical conditions. In both cases, they were dealing with a ‘south’ characterized by a preeminently agricultural economy and a persistent social and political conservatism. In both cases, too, the debate has moved from broad theoretical positions to the explanation of specific instances of class conflict in a rural setting—the slaves' resistance to their masters and the peasants' resistance to their landlords, respectively—and then on to a criticism of the Marxist approach to the problem.

https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/3879310.pdf

Enrico Dal Lago

Papers

Nations, Markets, and War: Modern History and the American Civil War

Slave Systems: Ancient and Modern

Society, economy, and politics in restoration italy: towards a regional synthesis

“States of Rebellion”: Civil War, Rural Unrest, and the Agrarian Question in the American South and the Italian Mezzogiorno, 1861–1865

Lincoln, Cavour, and National Unification: American Republicanism and Italian Liberal Nationalism in Comparative Perspective