Research data for figures of the paper
Xu, C., Sugiura, S., Ng, S., Zhang, P., Wang, L., & Hanzo, L. (2017).
Two decades of MIMO design tradeoffs and reduced-complexity MIMO detection in near-capacity systems.
IEEE Access. DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2707182

Research Data: Two Decades of MIMO Design Tradeoffs and Reduced-Complexity MIMO Detection in Near-Capacity Systems

Index modulation (IM) provides a novel way for the transmission of additional data bits via the indices of the available transmit entities compared with classical communication schemes. This study examines the flexible utilization of existing IM techniques in a comprehensive manner to satisfy the challenging and diverse requirements of 5G and beyond services. After spatial modulation (SM), which transmits information bits through antenna indices, application of IM to orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) subcarriers has opened the door for the extension of IM into different dimensions, such as radio frequency (RF) mirrors, time slots, codes, and dispersion matrices. Recent studies have introduced the concept of multidimensional IM by various combinations of 1-D IM techniques to provide higher spectral efficiency (SE) and better bit error rate (BER) performance at the expense of higher transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) complexity. Despite the ongoing research on the design of new IM techniques and their implementation challenges, proper use of the available IM techniques to address different requirements of 5G and beyond networks is an open research area in the literature. For this reason, we first provide the dimensional-based categorization of available IM domains and review the existing IM types regarding this categorization. Then, we develop a framework that investigates the efficient utilization of these techniques and establishes a link between the IM schemes and 5G services, namely, enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine-type communications (mMTCs), and ultrareliable low-latency communication (URLLC). In addition, this work defines key performance indicators (KPIs) to quantify the advantages and disadvantages of IM techniques in time, frequency, space, and code dimensions. Finally, future recommendations are given regarding the design of flexible IM-based communication systems for 5G and beyond wireless networks.

Multidimensional Index Modulation for 5G and Beyond Wireless Networks

In this article, a high data rate and energy-efficient multiple-input multiple-output transmission scheme is considered by combining two popular and rational modulation techniques: spatial modulation (SM) and code index modulation-spread spectrum (CIM-SS). Since in the considered system, called generalized CIM-SM (GCIM-SM), incoming information bits determine modulated symbols, activated transmit antenna indices as well as their corresponding spreading code indices, data bits are conveyed not only by modulated symbols but also by the indices of the active antenna and spreading codes. Hence, a GCIM-SM scheme accommodates faster data rates while spending less transmission power and possessing better error performance compared to the conventional direct sequence spread spectrum (DS-SS), SM, quadrature SM (QSM), and CIM-SS systems. The mathematical expressions of the GCIM-SM system for bit error rate, throughput, energy efficiency, and the system complexity are derived to analyze the overall system performance. Besides, it has been shown via computer simulations that the GCIM-SM system has lower transmission energy, faster data transmission rate, and better error performance than DS-SS, SM, QSM, and CIM-SS systems. Performance analysis of the considered system was performed on Rayleigh block-fading channels for quadrature amplitude modulation technique.

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Generalized Code Index Modulation and Spatial Modulation for High Rate and Energy-Efficient MIMO Systems on Rayleigh Block-Fading Channel

Dual-function radar-communications (DFRC) systems implement radar and communication functionalities on a single platform Jointly designing these subsystems can lead to substantial gains in performance as well as size, cost, and power consumption In this paper, we propose a DFRC system, which utilizes generalized spatial modulation (GSM) to realize coexisting radar and communications waveforms Our proposed GSM-based scheme, referred to as spatial modulation based communication-radar (SpaCoR) system, allocates antenna elements among the subsystems based on the transmitted message, thus achieving increased communication rates by embedding additional data bits in the antenna selection We formulate the resulting signal models, and present a dedicated radar processing scheme To evaluate the radar performance, we characterize the statistical properties of the transmit beam pattern Then, we present a hardware prototype of the proposed DFRC system, demonstrating the feasibility of the scheme Our results show that the proposed GSM system achieves improved communication performance compared to techniques utilizing fixed allocations operating at the same data rate For the radar subsystem, our experiments show that the spatial agility induced by the GSM transmission improves the angular resolution and reduces the sidelobe level in the transmit beam pattern compared to using fixed antenna allocations

Spatial Modulation for Joint Radar-Communications Systems: Design, Analysis, and Hardware Prototype

In this correspondence paper, a novel code-index modulation (CIM) aided quadrature spatial modulation (QSM) scheme, called CIM-QSM, is proposed for highly spectrum and energy efficient multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. The CIM-QSM scheme transmits information over three different transmit entities: modulated symbols, activated antenna indices, and spreading code indices. Hence, a higher efficiency in terms spectrum and energy use, and better error performance compared to the conventional direct sequence spread spectrum, spatial modulation (SM), QSM, and CIM aided SS (CIM-SS) schemes are obtained by the CIM-QSM technique for MIMO communication systems. Analytical expressions for the average bit error rate, energy efficiency, and throughput of the CIM-QSM system are performed and the theoretical results are validated with Monte Carlo simulation results.

Code-Index Modulation Aided Quadrature Spatial Modulation for High-Rate MIMO Systems

In this paper, in order to increase data rate, error performance and energy efficiency in wireless communication systems, a new multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission scheme, called code index modulation and spatial modulation (CIM-SM), is proposed over the Nakagami-m fading channel by combining recently two promising modulation techniques, SM and CIM. In the CIM-SM scheme, incoming data bits specify activated transmit antenna indices, two modulated symbols as well as their corresponding spreading code indices. Therefore, the information bits are conveyed not only by the two modulated symbols but also by the active antenna indices of SM as well as the spreading code indices. Consequently, the proposed CIM-SM scheme spends less transmission power while performing faster data transmission compared with the conventional direct sequence spread spectrum (DS-SS), SM and CIM-SS systems. Our computer simulations show that CIM-SM scheme provides considerably better error performance than DS-SS, SM and CIM-SS systems. In addition, the performance analysis of the proposed system is performed over the Nakagami-m fading channels for BPSK modulation.

Code Index Modulation and Spatial Modulation: A New High Rate and Energy Efficient Scheme for MIMO Systems

DOI : 10.26650/electrica.2019.19003 In this study, a new code index modulation (CIM) aided spatial modulation (SM) technique based on the Euclidean distance and capacity optimized based antenna selection (EDAS/COAS), called  EDAS/COAS-CIM-SM, is proposed for multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) systems. Since in the proposed EDAS/COAS-CIM-SM technique, incoming information data bits indicates modulated symbols, activated transmit antenna indices as well as their corresponding spreading code indices, data bits are conveyed not only by the modulated symbols but also by the indices of the active antenna and spreading code indices. Thus, the proposed two systems provide faster data rates while spending less transmission power and possessing better error performance than the conventional direct sequence- spread spectrum (DS-SS), SM, EDAS and COAS based SM (EDAS-SM, COAS-SM), and CIM based SS (CIM-SS) systems. In addition, in order to improve the overall performance of the CIM aided SM (CIM-SM) system, EDAS and COAS techniques are considered at the receiver. Computer simulations have also shown that the EDAS/COAS-CIM-SM system has better error performance than the CIM-SM system over the Rayleigh fading channels for binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation schemes. Cite this article as : Aydin E. EDAS/COAS Based Antenna Selection for Code Index Modulation Aided Spatial Modulation. Electrica 2019; 10.26650/electrica.2019.19003.

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EDAS/COAS Based Antenna Selection for Code Index Modulation Aided Spatial Modulation

Multiple-input multiple-output systems with spatial modulation (MIMO-SM) have been recently proposed for high data rate, low complexity transmission schemes. However, in the SM, the antenna of the transmitter is randomly activated by the spatially modulated information bit sequence. Due to bad conditions of the active antenna's channel determined by the SM technique, the system would be likely to transmit frame with errors. This causes a significant reduction in the system performance. In this letter, to eliminate the bad effects of the channel assignment of the SM, we propose a novel SM-based MIMO system with index modulation technique (SM-MIMO-IM) when operating over i.n.d. and i.i.d. Rayleigh fading channels. The average symbol error rate (SER) and bit error rate (BER) of the proposed scheme are derived. It can be seen from numerical results that SM-MIMO-IM provides significant performance improvements and additional diversity gain compared to the classical SM and other some techniques given in the literature. Furthermore, the proposed mathematical analyses have been verified through the Monte-Carlo simulations.

Erdogan Aydin

Papers

Generalized Code Index Modulation and Spatial Modulation for High Rate and Energy-Efficient MIMO Systems on Rayleigh Block-Fading Channel

Code-Index Modulation Aided Quadrature Spatial Modulation for High-Rate MIMO Systems

Code Index Modulation and Spatial Modulation: A New High Rate and Energy Efficient Scheme for MIMO Systems

EDAS/COAS Based Antenna Selection for Code Index Modulation Aided Spatial Modulation

A Novel SM-Based MIMO System With Index Modulation