A survey on position-based routing protocols for Flying Ad hoc Networks (FANETs)

Summary
Integrated frameworks have extended the applications of networks beyond a simple data sharing unit. Simultaneously, operating networks can form a layered structure that can operate as homogeneous as well as dissociated units. Networks using unmanned aerial vehicles follow similar criteria in their operability. Unmanned aerial vehicles can act as single searching unit controlled by human or can form an aerial swarm that can fly autonomously with the capability of forming an aerial network. Such aerial swarms are categorized as aerial ad hoc networks. Cooperation amongst different networks can be realized using various frameworks, models, architectures and middlewares. Several solutions have been developed that can provide easy network deployment of aerial nodes. However, a combined literature is not present that provides a comparison between these approaches. Keeping this in view, various cooperative approaches for similar formation using aerial vehicles have been discussed in this paper. The detailed study and comparative analysis of these approaches have been included. Further, the paper also includes various software solutions and their comparisons based on common parameters. Finally, various open issues have been discussed that can provide insight of ongoing research and problems that are yet to be resolved in these networks. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Cooperative frameworks and network models for flying ad hoc networks: a survey

This article analyzes Taiwan’s National Epidemic Prevention Team, a collective synergy between government and society in fighting COVID-19. We draw on a model of collaborative governance to dissect...

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/01925121211012291

A whole-of-nation approach to COVID-19: Taiwan’s National Epidemic Prevention Team

In this article, we investigate the leadership response to the COVID-19 pandemic crisis in Greece and Sweden based on the strategic leadership framework put forth by Boin, 't Hart, Stern and Sundelius We seek to understand the contextual (institutional, administrative and political) factors explaining the differences in stringency of measures and centralization of response in Greece and Sweden, respectively What trade-offs did public leaders implement between effectiveness and efficiency to successfully manage the crisis? We find that reliance on expertise plays out differently in centralized and decentralized structure, while a salient lesson drawn for practitioners is that there is more than one path to successful crisis leadership response contingent on institutional capacity, bureaucratic autonomy and political system The article concludes with implications for leadership response during crises and practical lessons for crisis managers

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1468-5973.12344

Staying at home or going out? Leadership response to the COVID-19 crisis in Greece and Sweden

12. Concluding Methodological Reflections: &#201;litism and democracy among the sciences

Boin (2019) argues that in transboundary crisis management it is almost impossible to achieve centralization and coordination. This article identifies three principles through which actors in a transboundary crisis can balance centralization with autonomy while shaping coordination along the way. We reanalysed three transboundary cases: the Dutch military mission in Afghanistan, the downing of MH17 and hurricane Irma striking Sint-Maarten. The principles we found are as follows: (a) reformulating key strategic priorities, (b) flexible adaptation of crisis management protocols and (c) the emergence of multifunctional units. With these three principles, we reflect on challenges in the Dutch crisis response to the corona outbreak and propose improvements for progressing current crisis management efforts.

Organizational synthesis in transboundary crises: Three principles for managing centralization and coordination in the corona virus crisis response

Pioneering with UAVs at the battlefield: The influence of organizational design on self-organization and the emergence of safety

\nPurpose\nThe purpose of this paper is to provide insight in how military expeditionary task forces cope with the dual challenge of organizing and learning, by reflecting on the experiences of Dutch expeditionary task forces in post-conflict missions in Bosnia, Iraq and Afghanistan.\n\n\nDesign/methodology/approach\nThis paper reflects on the outcomes of a research project into the experiences of operators of different specific expeditionary task forces of the Dutch Armed Forces in dealing with everyday problems in their working environment. The case studies were based on interviews with military personnel of all ranks and focused on relating the process of making sense of environmental dynamics to characteristics of the organizational context.\n\n\nFindings\nThe case studies indicate that designing and learning become intertwined in the realities of everyday problem-solving in the more complex missions. As task forces are essentially tailor-made for the purpose of specific missions, units initially need to be selected. Subsequently, the design of the task force needs to be adapted to suit local conditions. This challenge interrelates with the everyday challenge for operators of making sense of their environment and finding pragmatic solutions for the everyday problems they are confronted with. In pragmatically solving everyday problems, operators in the cases engaged in working out incomplete or ill-fitting aspects of the task force design.\n\n\nPractical implications\nThe findings are relevant for military task forces and more in general for organizations that are confronted with dynamically complex environments that rely on temporary structures.\n\n\nOriginality/value\nExisting literatures on learning and on organizing generally treat these as two related but essentially separate phenomena. In the expeditionary military task forces, operators that aimed to develop pragmatic solutions to everyday problems, the processes of learning and organizing became intertwined: units needed to organize to learn and to learn to organize. The paper ends by suggesting a combination of specific circumstances that influences the nature of the interrelation between these processes.\n

Learning to organize and organizing to learn: the case of Dutch military expeditionary task forces

According to Schon, a careful examination of artistry is important to understand the dynamics involved in the work of reflective practitioners. Such an examination is therefore crucial for ambitions to educate reflective practitioners. In this chapter we will argue that organizational characteristics of military task forces confront military professionals with specific challenges. These challenges highlight an under-theorized aspect of reflective practice. Expeditionary military task forces are often characterized by underdeveloped design and coordination, which qualifies them as examples of what Thompson called “synthetic organizations”. As a consequence, military professionals need to invest major effort into refining and reshaping their organizations while operating under dangerous and turbulent conditions. Reflective practice of military professionals is therefore simultaneously directed towards “self-designing” an organizational system and enacting the mission environment. Based on research projects carried out over the past 20 years we highlight our arguments by means of case study material. In this way we aim to contribute to developing the way the reflective practice concept can be incorporated into military education and research programs.

Reflective Practice in Synthetic Expeditionary Task Forces

In this chapter, the relevance of a perspective on organizational vulnerability for improving safety in military taskforces is outlined. Research of the Netherlands Defence Academy has shown that military taskforces are systems with typical organizational vulnerabilities. More specifically, this research has shown that military taskforces had difficulties in developing and maintaining functional integration. This chapter analyzes whether the safety management system of the Netherlands Defence organization is useful for understanding such organizational vulnerabilities. After the conclusion that this focus on organizational vulnerabilities is lacking in this safety management system, existing theories on safety in organizations are analyzed. Based on a combination of insights from these theories, a theoretical avenue for understanding such vulnerabilities is proposed.

Eric-Hans Kramer

Papers

Organizational synthesis in transboundary crises: Three principles for managing centralization and coordination in the corona virus crisis response

Pioneering with UAVs at the battlefield: The influence of organizational design on self-organization and the emergence of safety

Learning to organize and organizing to learn: the case of Dutch military expeditionary task forces

Reflective Practice in Synthetic Expeditionary Task Forces

Understanding Organizational Vulnerabilities in Military Taskforces