Institutions are historical products shaped by power and contestation which don’t necessarily respond to the purpose for which they were originally created. I will explore how ‘communal action’ ins...

The counter-insurgent paradox. How the FARC-EP successfully subverted counter-insurgent institutions in Colombia

In the Sierra de la Macarena 3 out of the 26 Transitional Village Zones of Normalization (ZVTN) are located, as it was arranged in the agreements of Havana as places to put an end to bilateral and definitive cessation of hostilities. The Zones have represented a space for disarmament and reintegration into the civilian life of the combatants of FARC - EP. One of such zones is located in the immediate vicinity of Yari plains, in the town of Playa Rica. The history of this area provides the conflicts of colonization of the Amazon Foothill and the impacts of the civil war. The adequacy of the Village Zone, for the communities of the region, has meant the possibility of finding some presence of the central State that, without its traditional counterinsurgency character, has been the subject of growing social mobilizations. However, the institutional inability to recognize the organizational and social history of the El Yari, the heavy bureaucratic apparatus that slows down the implementation of the agreements, as well as the power vacuum that the dissidence of the guerrilla aims to copy, have implied that in the Village Zone merge a social scenario of normalization without transition.

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Normalización sin transición: la dimensión territorial del proceso de paz en la Zona Veredal de Transición y Normalización (ZVTN) de La Macarena

The Local Legal System in La Sierra de la Macarena is facing the challenge of the political transition in the Colombian post war. Since this Legal System integrates insurgent, community, and state practices, after the abandonment of weapons that the insurgency makes, the ability of coercion that integrates the local justice shall cease. This implies that sanctions provided by the Manuals of Coexistence of the communities (fines, confiscations, and community work) should strengthen their legitimacy. Likewise, the sanctions imposed by the guerrillas to punish the violation of its regulations and/or to maintain order (forced labor, exile, executions) have to be overcome. Since such an improvement implies a territorial transformation, in order to make it, it is necessary to recognize the current social conditions. In this order of ideas, a characterization of the criminal nature of the Local Legal System is provided and the main elements of its sanctions are set out. The text is supported by a long-standing social and legal ethnography, in the zone.

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Del control (los castigos insurgentes) a la autonomía (las sanciones comunitarias). Elementos para la transición de la Justicia Local en La Sierra de La Macarena

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 Entre los documentos del exjesuita peruano Juan Pablo Viscardo y Guzman que el venezolano Francisco Miranda recibio del plenipotenciario norteamericano en Inglaterra, Rufus King, se encontraba la "Carta dirigida a los espanoles americanos". Este pieza documental, considerada "la primera proclama de la independencia" hispanoamericana, habia sido escrita originalmente en frances hacia 1792 como testimonio de protesta de la situacion de vejacion y sometimiento que tenia Espana a sus colonias americanas, para ser presentada ante las autoridades inglesas. El entusiasmo que desperto la "Carta" del fallecido jesuita en el temible e infatigable conspirador Miranda, fue inequivoca, al punto que no solo se dispuso a traducirla y publicarla (Londres, 1801), sino la presento, en su frustrada expedicion de Coro en agosto de 1806, como portaestandarte de la cruzada libertadora. [Fragmento]

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Hacia la independencia cultural hispanoamericana. Génesis conceptual de la "Carta de Jamaica"

The Yari savannas are an important biogeographic area whose biodiversity has not been explored. This area was historically under the control of illegal armed groups who restricted their access and investigation. With the peace process, the Yari savannas were opened to research, but also to anthropic processes that threaten their biodiversity. Here, we present a preliminary list that includes the first records of medium and large mammals from the northwestern sector of the Yari savannas, as a result of a community monitoring program with former FARC combatants. We report 24 species belonging to 18 families and 8 orders of mammals. We highlight the presence of ten threatened species including Priodontes maximus, Tapirus terrestris and Ateles belzebuth. This represents 96% of the land mammals in the Yari River. Based on the semi-structured interviews and field notes, we consider deforestation, the advance of the agricultural frontier, livestock and hunting as the main threats to mammals.

/pdf/mamiferos-medianos-y-grandes-del-espacio-territorial-de-2etjn7gcau.pdf

Mamíferos medianos y grandes del Espacio Territorial de Capacitación y Reincorporación (ETCR) Playa Rica, La Macarena, Meta, Colombia

The following article is a research report that realizes of the exposition of an ethnography realized in the plains of the Yari - Colombia. The backbone of the investigation turned concerning the process of territorial construction that the communities have opened compesinas of the zone.

/pdf/etnografia-territorio-y-conflicto-armado-metodologia-de-una-4qd5420ra1.pdf

Etnografía, territorio y conflicto armado. metodológia de una investigación sobre la construcción regional de los llanos del yarí (caquetá, colombia)

Justicia comunitaria en los Llanos del Yarí, Caquetá

This current article shows the results of an investigation that dealt with the scenarios of political participation in the Yari Plains, a region inhabited by peasants from Communist tradition, with the historic presence of the FARC and where the State deploys the largest counterinsurgency strategy which has been moved forward in the history of the country since 2003 To such effect, our focus of attention is directed to the existing relationship between the conditions of the political exercise (understood as the construction of the sense of the political and the definition or participation in political scenarios per se) with the history of the process of territorial appropriation Such inspection has enabled us to establish that in this region, the platform of action of the community organization, is both its political and social platform, as its political-electoral scenario We will delve deeply into these relationships from the narratives of peasant experiences, the social conditions in the region, and the acute war situation that people experience there

https://revistas.usbbog.edu.co/index.php/Agora/article/download/125/85

La apropiacion politica del territorio. estrategias de participacion política y de resistencia campesina en los llanos del yarí.

E ste articulo es resultado del proyecto de investigacion “ Dinamicas de apropiacion territorial en los Llanos del Yari, la construccion social de la frontera interna ” 1 , y su objetivo es dar cuenta de las reflexiones que sobre lo juridico surgieron en el trabajo etnografico en las Sabanas del Yari, recodo de llano que se incrusto en la amazonia occidental: Las sabanas del Refugio y sus gemelas las del Yari, son una entrada del llano en la selva. Casi sin percibirlo, porque no hay una mayor altura que lo denuncie, se pasa el quiebre de aguas entre el Orinoco y el Amazonas. Los canos Cachicamo, Agua Azul y La Arenosa botan sus aguas al Guaviare- el mas grande afluente del Orinoco-; pero el rio Tunia nacido en San Vicente del Caguan- es la cabecera del Apapaporis, que desemboca por el Rio Caqueta al Amazonas, marcando la frontera de Colombia con Brasil. (Molano y Ramirez, 2002, p. 26)

http://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co/bitstream/10495/17824/1/GonzalezMaria_2012_JusticiaComunitariaLlanos.pdf

Justicia comunitaria en los Llanos del Yarí, Caquetá. La justicia ¿al margen de que?

La figura de Simon Bolivar (1783-1830) ha sido quizas la mas controversial de todas las conocidas en el continente americano. En las interpretaciones contemporaneas su figura despunta por la diversidad de consideraciones construidas frente a todos los proceres de la independencia latinoamericana. Los disimiles campos que abarco, las influencias politicas que ofrecio, asi como las decisiones que tomo frente al proceso de emancipacion, han ofrecido a los expertos y a los neofitos, el contexto propicio para situarlo en las mas variadas o contradictorias de las tendencias politicas, ideologicas y filosoficas. La figura del “libertador” es pieza clave del proceso de emancipacion continental y tanto sus ideas como su pensamiento son parte esencial en la construccion de nuestra identidad, asi como lectura obligada para examinar los origenes intelectuales de las naciones latinoamericanas. Pese a su uso permanente, Bolivar ha de redescubrirse analiticamente a traves de su pensamiento, lo que exige ir directamente a sus textos y sopesar su actualidad y pertinencia en el marco de la construccion de la utopia de America. Palabras clave: Simon Bolivar; independencia latinoamericana; proceso de emancipacion continental; figura del “libertador”; la utopia de America; Manifiesto de Cartagena; Carta de Jamaica.

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Erika Andrea Ramírez

Papers

Etnografía, territorio y conflicto armado. metodológia de una investigación sobre la construcción regional de los llanos del yarí (caquetá, colombia)

Justicia comunitaria en los Llanos del Yarí, Caquetá

La apropiacion politica del territorio. estrategias de participacion política y de resistencia campesina en los llanos del yarí.

Justicia comunitaria en los Llanos del Yarí, Caquetá. La justicia ¿al margen de que?

La construcción de la utopía de América en Simón Bolívar: el Manifiesto de Cartagena (1812) y la Carta de Jamaica (1815)