The effects of salt and drought stresses at the water potentials of -2, -4, -6 and -8 bars induced by NaCl and PEG 6000 (polyethylene glycol 6000) each, on germination and early seedling growth, were investigated for 3 pea cultivars (Bolero, Sprinter and Utrillo). Electrical conductivity (EC) values of the NaCl solutions were 4.5, 8.8, 12.7 and 16.3 dS m-1. Germination percentage, mean germination time, root and shoot length, and seedling fresh and dry weight were measured in the study. The objective was to determine genotypic differences among pea cultivars in terms of salt and drought stress and to determine factors (salt toxicity or osmotic stress due to PEG) inhibiting seed germination. The germination results revealed that the genotypes significantly differed for salt and drought stress. Bolero appeared to be more tolerant to salt stress, but Sprinter cv. gave higher values under drought stress. Both NaCl and PEG inhibited germination and seedling growth in all cultivars, but the effects of NaCl compared to PEG were less on germination and seedling growth. All cultivars were able to germinate at all NaCl levels without a significant decrease in germination, while a drastic decrease in germination was recorded at -6 bars of PEG. It was concluded that inhibition in germination at equivalent water potentials of NaCl and PEG was mainly due to an osmotic effect rather than salt toxicity.

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Effects of Salt and Drought Stresses on Germination and Seedling Growth of Pea (Pisum sativum L.)

Surface and internalized Escherichia coli O157:H7 on field-grown spinach and lettuce treated with spray-contaminated irrigation water.

Easy, accurate, inexpensive, and nondestructive methods to determine individual leaf area of plants are a useful tool in physiological and agronomic studies. This paper introduces a cost-effective alternative (called here millimeter graph paper method) for standard electronic leaf area meter, using a millimeter graph paper. Investigations were carried out during August&#x2013;October, 2009-2010, on 33 species, in the Botanical garden of the Banaras Hindu University at Varanasi, India. Estimates of leaf area were obtained by the equation, leaf area (cm2) = , where is the weight (g) of the area covered by the leaf outline on a millimeter graph paper, and is the weight of one cm2 of the same graph paper. These estimates were then compared with destructive measurements obtained through a leaf area meter; the two sets of estimates were significantly and linearly related with each other, and hence the millimeter graph paper method can be used for estimating leaf area in lieu of leaf area meter. The important characteristics of this cost-efficient technique are its easiness and suitability for precise, non-destructive estimates. This model can estimate accurately the leaf area of plants in many experiments without the use of any expensive instruments.

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A Simple, Cost-Effective Method for Leaf Area Estimation

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are known for their beneficial effects. In recent years, more attention has been paid to their use as biofertilizers to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers causing significant damage to the environment. To have high plant yields, biofertilizers may not be able to sustain plant demands and could be used in combination with chemical fertilizers. However, the application of biofertilizers in the field such as rhizobacteria and AMF are understudied and powerfully needed. In this context, this study aims to evaluate the effect of inoculation with rhizobacteria and AMF and their potential to stimulate two of the most economically important crops in Mediterranean semi-arid areas (Vicia faba L. and Triticum durum L.). The effect of inoculation was studied in field experiment with six treatments: (i) the control without inoculation (C), (ii) PGPR alone (PG), (iii) rhizobia alone (R), (iv) the mixture of PGPR and rhizobia (PR), (v) AMF alone (M), and (vi) the mixture of PGPR, rhizobia and AMF (PRM). The inoculation with the consortium of PGPR-rhizobia-AMF (PRM) induced the greatest effect. This inoculation improved the growth parameters (dry weight of shoots and roots) of faba bean and wheat. An improvement of 130, 200, and 78% was observed in V. faba shoot and root dry weight, and the number of leaves, respectively. Similarly, shoot and root dry weight and number of leaves of T. durum were enhanced by 293, 258, and 87%, respectively. The inoculation improved the productivity of studied plants presented by the number and weight of bean pods (270 × 104 ha-1 and 30737.5 kg.ha-1) and wheat spikes (440 × 104 ha-1 and 10560 kg.ha-1). In addition, the mineral analyses showed that the inoculation with PGPR-rhizobia-mycorrhizae improved N, P, Ca, K, and Na shoots contents, as well as the contents of sugar and proteins. Finally, we revealed the positive impact of the tested biofertilizers and the interest of adoption of innovative practices improving crops productivity and soil fertility.

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Use of Rhizobacteria and Mycorrhizae Consortium in the Open Field as a Strategy for Improving Crop Nutrition, Productivity and Soil Fertility.

Genetic differences between azuki bean (Vigna angularis var. angularis) and its presumed wild ancestor (V. angularis var. nipponensis) were resolved into QTL for traits associated with adaptation to their respective distinct habits. A genetic linkage map constructed using progenies from a cross between Japanese cultivated and wild azuki beans covers 92.8% of the standard azuki bean linkage map. A reciprocal translocation between cultivated and wild azuki bean parents was identified on the basis of the linkage map having a pseudolinkage group and clustering of seed productivity-related QTL with large effect near the presumed breakpoints. In total, 162 QTL were identified for 46 domestication-related traits. Domestication of azuki bean has involved a trade-off between seed number and seed size: fewer but longer pods and fewer but larger seeds on plants with shorter stature in cultivated azuki bean being at the expense of overall seed yield. Genes found related to germination and flowering time in cultivated azuki bean may confer a selective advantage to the hybrid derivatives under some ecological conditions and may explain why azuki bean has evolved as a crop complex in Japan.

https://www.genetics.org/content/genetics/178/2/1013.full.pdf

The genetics of domestication of the azuki bean (Vigna angularis)

Non-destructive leaf area estimation model for faba bean (Vicia faba L.)

Some Seed Traits and Their Relationships to Seed Germination and Field Emergence in Pea (Pisum sativum L.)

Comparison of some cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) genotypes from Turkey for seed yield and yield related characters

Yemeklik tane baklagiller insan beslenmesinde onem tasiyan bitkisel kaynakli besinlerden birisidir. Diger bitkisel kaynakli besinler ile karsilastirildiklarinda besin degeri bakimindan bircok ustunluge sahiptirler. Baklagil tohumlarinda, besleyici degerleri uzerine olumlu veya olumsuz etkileri olan bazi bilesenler bulunmaktadir. Bunlardan yuksek protein, dusuk yag icerigi, vitaminler, mineral maddeler ve diyetsel lifler beslenme ve saglik uzerine olumlu, enzim inhibitorleri, lektinler, gaz yapan faktorler, polifenoller, tanenler, fitik asit, saponinler gibi antibesinsel faktorler de olumsuz etkilere sahiptir. Bu makalede, yemeklik tane baklagillerin besleyici degerleri, baklagil tohumlarinda bulunan antibesinsel maddeler ve bunlarin insan beslenmesi acisindan onemleri gozden gecirilmistir.

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Erkut Pekşen

Papers

Non-destructive leaf area estimation model for faba bean (Vicia faba L.)

Some Seed Traits and Their Relationships to Seed Germination and Field Emergence in Pea (Pisum sativum L.)

Comparison of some cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) genotypes from Turkey for seed yield and yield related characters

Anti̇besi̇nsel maddeler ve yemekli̇k tane baklagi̇lleri̇n besleyi̇ci̇ değerleri̇

Comparison of Some Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp)