OBJECTIVE — To systematically review the incidence of posttransplantation diabetes (PTD), risk factors for its development, prognostic implications, and optimal management. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS — We searched databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and others) from inception to September 2000, reviewed bibliographies in reports retrieved, contacted transplantation experts, and reviewed specialty journals. Two reviewers independently determined report inclusion (original studies, in all languages, of PTD in adults with no history of diabetes before transplantation), assessed study methods, and extracted data using a standardized form. Meta-regression was used to explain between-study differences in incidence. RESULTS — Nineteen studies with 3,611 patients were included. The 12-month cumulative incidence of PTD is lower (10% in most studies) than it was 3 decades ago. The type of immunosuppression explained 74% of the variability in incidence (P 0.0004). Risk factors were patient age, nonwhite ethnicity, glucocorticoid treatment for rejection, and immunosuppression with high-dose cyclosporine and tacrolimus. PTD was associated with decreased graft and patient survival in earlier studies; later studies showed improved outcomes. Randomized trials of treatment regimens have not been conducted. CONCLUSIONS — Physicians should consider modification of immunosuppressive regimens to decrease the risk of PTD in high-risk transplant recipients. Randomized trials are needed to evaluate the use of oral glucose-lowering agents in transplant recipients, paying particular attention to interactions with immunosuppressive drugs. Diabetes Care 25:583–592, 2002

A systematic review of the literature

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse the influence of image on student satisfaction and loyalty.Design/methodology/approach – In order to accomplish the objectives proposed, a model reflecting the influence of image on student satisfaction and loyalty is applied. The model is tested through use of structural equations and the final sample is of 2,687 students.Findings – The model shows that image is the construct that most influences student satisfaction. The influence of image is also relevant on student loyalty.Research limitations/implications – In this paper, the constructs of image resulted in a reliability level of 0.846; future research is needed in order to find more reliable image measurement indicators.Practical implications – If higher education institutions have to compete through image, the first step to take is to measure the university image held by its students. It is proven by this paper that the construct which most influences student satisfaction in higher education is the ...

The influence of university image on student behaviour

Identification of variables that impact project success in Brazilian companies

Faczng the food and poverty crzses zn developzng countnes wzll requzre a new emphaszs on smallscale
water management zn raznJed agrzculture znvolvzng the redzrectzon of water poltey and
large new mvestments Ramfed systems dommate world food production, but water mvestments
m ramfed agrIculture have been neglected over the past 50 years Upgradmg ramfed
agrIculture promises large SOCIal, economiC, and enVIronmental paybacks, particularly m
poverty reduction and economic development Ramfed farmmg covers most of the world's
cropland (80%) and produces most of the world's cereal grams (more than 60%), generatmg
lIvelIhoods m rural areas and producmg food for cltles EStImates suggest that about
25% of the mcreased water reqUIrement needed to attam the 2015 hunger reduction target
of the MillennIUm Development Goal can be contrIbuted from IrrIgation The remammg
75% will have to come from water mvestments m ramfed agnculture

Managing water in rainfed agriculture

Objetivo: mostrar os aspectos metodologicos da organizacao estrutural de um protocolo de pesquisa cientifica, assim como, discutir os diferentes tipos de pesquisa e as linhas gerais para o desenvolvimento de um projeto cientifico. Metodo: para a organizacao deste estudo, fez-se criterioso levantamento bibliografico na literatura cientifica, a partir da compilacao de trabalhos publicados em revistas, livros especializados e em bases de dados da rede BIREME. Conclusao: o entendimento dos diferentes tipos de estudos cientificos e suas respectivas classificacoes, assim como, a escolha do metodo que melhor se aplica a questao da pesquisa e aos seus objetivos, sao fundamentais para a obtencao do sucesso na realizacao de um projeto de pesquisa cientifica.

/pdf/metodologia-da-pesquisa-cientifica-diretrizes-para-a-3sh4yizs6n.pdf

Metodologia da pesquisa científica: diretrizes para a elaboração de um protocolo de pesquisa

resumo): Em poucas frases apresenta-se o resumo do que foi pesquisado, os objetivos pretendidos, a metodologia utilizada e os resultados alcançados. Para publicação em pe148 54. O currículo, agradecimentos e data de entrega dos originais devem aparecer em rodapé na página de abertura ou como nota editorial no final do artigo. riódicos o abstract deve ser apresentado também em idioma estrangeiro de grande divulgação, geralmente em inglês.

Eva Maria Lakatos

Papers

Fundamentos de Metodologia Científica

Técnicas de pesquisa: planejamento e execução de pesquisas, amostragens e técnicas de pesquisa, elaboração, análise e interpretação de dados