Accessibility indicators for transport planning

The paper develops and tests a model which characterizes the parking location decisions of individual tripmakers. The model is designed to offer information concerning the effects of alternative parking policies on parking location decisions and therefore the effects on the distribution of congestion in an urban area. Own price, time price and full price elasticities for alternative parking locations are estimated. The own price elasticity is found to rise with distance from the destination point while the time price elasticity falls with distance. The full price elasticity is found to be relatively stable. One is able to determine from the calculated elasticities, the effects of alternative parking policies such as raising parking fees, time restrictions, or increasing search or transaction costs on the distribution of individuals consuming parking services; from this one can infer the impact on the distribution of congestion. The paper also offers some explanation for the low elasticity of auto use with respect to changes in parking costs found in some modal choice studies.

Parking policy, parking location decisions and the distribution of congestion

The present paper reviews certain of the characteristics of the consumer's spatial behavior. Specifically, the significance of the nearest center postulate, spatial indifference principle, and temporal considerations are examined, together with an assessment of the importance of retail-attraction, socioeconomic-status, and cultural-racial factors in conditioning travel patterns.

https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2488959.pdf

A Review of Selected Factors Conditioning Consumer Travel Behavior

Driver behavior under congestion pricing is analyzed to evaluate the effects of alternative congestion pricing schemes. The analysis, which is based on stated preference survey results, focuses on time allocation, departure time choice, and route choice when a congestion pricing scheme is implemented on toll roads in Japan. A unique feature of the model system of this study is that departure time choice and route choice are analyzed in conjunction with the activities before and after the trip. A time allocation model is developed to describe departure time choice, and a route and departure time choice model is developed as a multinomial logit model with alternatives representing the choice between freeways and surface streets and, for departure time, the choice from among before, during, or after the period when congestion pricing is in effect. The results of the empirical analysis suggest that departing during the congestion pricing period tends to have higher utilities and that a worker and a nonworker ...

Analysis of time allocation, departure time, and route choice behavior under congestion pricing

This paper theoretically examines whether and how the value of travel time savings changes with the travel and individual socio-economic environments. A time allocation model for the general case of travel behavior is proposed following a review of basic theories of the value of time. Under some general assumptions, changes of value of travel time savings with travel time, travel cost, wage rate, and work time are examined by the comparative static analysis. Differences between the variation of the value of travel time savings and value of time as a resource are also discussed. The results provide the variation mechanisms of the value of time and verify some of the results of empirical studies.

Theoretical analysis on the variation of value of travel time savings

The report discusses to what extent micro-economic models of consumer behaviour can contribute to the understanding of the fundamental nature of the travel decisions of individuals in the consumptive sphere. Travel requires consumption of goods (and/or services) and of time. Therefore the models of this paper take explicity into account the problem of the allocation of travel time among the various activities which enter into the utility function of the consumer. The consumer is considered as a production unit of consumption activities which require two types of imputs: goods (or services) and time. Hence he maximizes his utility function under two constraints budget constraint and a time constraint. A fundamental innovation of the models of this paper is that they make a distinction between the utility of time as an input in the production of a given consumption activity and the dissatisfaction which results from the circumstances under which the time required to produce that given activity must be spent. Although the models developed may provide information on the three main travel decisions of individuals (trip production trip distribution and modal choice), emphasis will be placed on information about the nature of modal choice and its determinants. Therefore, an important objective of this paper is to determine the possible contribution of micro-economic theory to the value of travel time savings. /TRRL/

F Donnea

Papers

Comsumer behavior, transport mode choice and value of time: some micro-economic models