Iran is located at the junction of Palearctic, Oriental and Afrotropical biogeographical regions. This geographical feature poses the threat of many arthropod borne diseases and associated vectors in Iran. Biological larvicides such as Bti and mosquito fish are routinely employed as a component of Integrated Mosquito Management in the country. Although native mosquito fish are very effective in control of malaria vectors, application of some local formulation of Bti does not result in significant reduction in vector populations and needs improvements. Some advancement has been made in the area of isolation and development of vectors’ endosymbionts to use in paratransgenesis in malaria, leishmaniasis and CCHF vectors. For some other arthropods such as Muscomorpha flies, biocontrol measures have been discovered and are in early stages of development. Biological control of ticks has been most concentrated on entomopathogenic fungi considering their pros and cons. This chapter tries to elucidate history, present situation and to some extent future of biocontrol of medically important arthropods in Iran.

Biocontrol for Arthropods of Medical and Veterinary Importance in Iran

Three media formulated from molasses and cornsteep liquor and another media based on the basal medium formulation of IPS-82 were assessed for the growth and production of insecticidal properties of B. thur­ ingiensis H-14 .• Bacterial powders prepared from the broth cultures were assayed against the larvae of Culex pipiens and Anopheles stephensi. A standard powder of IPS-82 was included in the assay for comparison. Good . growth was obtained in all the media and all powders were effective against the two types of mosquito larvae. Media with the basal medium formulation of Institute Pasteur Paris were the most effective. Molasses III media was also very favorable. The concentrations required to kill 50% of the larvae of Culex pipiens and Anopheles stephensi for these two were as follows: Media with the basal medium formulation of Institute Pasteur Paris: 24hr. Lc50 and it's 95% confidence limits of Culex pipiens and Anopheles stephensi = 0.0025,0.0031,0.0018 mg/lit 0.1792,0.2603,0.1508 mg/lit Molasses III Media: 24hr. Lc50 and it's 95% confidence limits of Culex pipiens and Anopheles stephensi = 0.0103,0.0115,0.0092 mg/lit 0.1994,0.2223,0.1769 mg/lit The investigation shows that these media can be used for the production of B.thuringiensis H-14 primary powder. MJIRI, Vol. 2, No.3, 229-236, 1988 VOlume 2 Number 3 Payiz 1367 Safar 1408 Fall 1988

Local production of primary powder of bacillus thuringiensis serotype h-14 in iran and determination of its insecticidal properties against culex pipiens and anopheles stephensi

F Fayaz

Papers

Local production of primary powder of bacillus thuringiensis serotype h-14 in iran and determination of its insecticidal properties against culex pipiens and anopheles stephensi