The increasing volume of data in modern business and science calls for more complex and sophisticated tools. Although advances in data mining technology have made extensive data collection much easier, it's still always evolving and there is a constant need for new techniques and tools that can help us transform this data into useful information and knowledge. Since the previous edition's publication, great advances have been made in the field of data mining. Not only does the third of edition of Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques continue the tradition of equipping you with an understanding and application of the theory and practice of discovering patterns hidden in large data sets, it also focuses on new, important topics in the field: data warehouses and data cube technology, mining stream, mining social networks, and mining spatial, multimedia and other complex data. Each chapter is a stand-alone guide to a critical topic, presenting proven algorithms and sound implementations ready to be used directly or with strategic modification against live data. This is the resource you need if you want to apply today's most powerful data mining techniques to meet real business challenges. * Presents dozens of algorithms and implementation examples, all in pseudo-code and suitable for use in real-world, large-scale data mining projects. * Addresses advanced topics such as mining object-relational databases, spatial databases, multimedia databases, time-series databases, text databases, the World Wide Web, and applications in several fields. *Provides a comprehensive, practical look at the concepts and techniques you need to get the most out of real business data

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Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques

https://imedea.uib-csic.es/master/cambioglobal/Modulo_V_cod101615/Theory/lit_support/pca_wold.pdf

Principal component analysis

Sisvar is a statistical analysis system, first released in 1996 although its development began in 1994. The first version was done in the programming language Pascal and compiled with Borland Turbo Pascal 3. Sisvar was developed to achieve some specific goals. The first objective was to obtain software that could be used directly on the statistical experimental course of the Department of Exact Science at the Federal University of Lavras. The second objective was to initiate the development of a genuinely Brazilian free software program that met the demands and peculiarities of research conducted in the country. The third goal was to present statistical analysis software for the Brazilian scientific community that would allow research results to be analyzed efficiently and reliably. All of the initial goals were achieved. Sisvar gained acceptance by the scientific community because it provides reliable, accurate, precise, simple and robust results, and allows users a greater degree of interactivity.

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Sisvar: a computer statistical analysis system

Comparison of five rules for determining the number of components to retain.

The Lu-Hf isotope geochemistry of chondrites and the evolution of the mantle-crust system

(NOTE: Each chapter begins with an Introduction, and concludes with Exercises and References.) I. GETTING STARTED. 1. Aspects of Multivariate Analysis. Applications of Multivariate Techniques. The Organization of Data. Data Displays and Pictorial Representations. Distance. Final Comments. 2. Matrix Algebra and Random Vectors. Some Basics of Matrix and Vector Algebra. Positive Definite Matrices. A Square-Root Matrix. Random Vectors and Matrices. Mean Vectors and Covariance Matrices. Matrix Inequalities and Maximization. Supplement 2A Vectors and Matrices: Basic Concepts. 3. Sample Geometry and Random Sampling. The Geometry of the Sample. Random Samples and the Expected Values of the Sample Mean and Covariance Matrix. Generalized Variance. Sample Mean, Covariance, and Correlation as Matrix Operations. Sample Values of Linear Combinations of Variables. 4. The Multivariate Normal Distribution. The Multivariate Normal Density and Its Properties. Sampling from a Multivariate Normal Distribution and Maximum Likelihood Estimation. The Sampling Distribution of 'X and S. Large-Sample Behavior of 'X and S. Assessing the Assumption of Normality. Detecting Outliners and Data Cleaning. Transformations to Near Normality. II. INFERENCES ABOUT MULTIVARIATE MEANS AND LINEAR MODELS. 5. Inferences About a Mean Vector. The Plausibility of ...m0 as a Value for a Normal Population Mean. Hotelling's T 2 and Likelihood Ratio Tests. Confidence Regions and Simultaneous Comparisons of Component Means. Large Sample Inferences about a Population Mean Vector. Multivariate Quality Control Charts. Inferences about Mean Vectors When Some Observations Are Missing. Difficulties Due To Time Dependence in Multivariate Observations. Supplement 5A Simultaneous Confidence Intervals and Ellipses as Shadows of the p-Dimensional Ellipsoids. 6. Comparisons of Several Multivariate Means. Paired Comparisons and a Repeated Measures Design. Comparing Mean Vectors from Two Populations. Comparison of Several Multivariate Population Means (One-Way MANOVA). Simultaneous Confidence Intervals for Treatment Effects. Two-Way Multivariate Analysis of Variance. Profile Analysis. Repealed Measures, Designs, and Growth Curves. Perspectives and a Strategy for Analyzing Multivariate Models. 7. Multivariate Linear Regression Models. The Classical Linear Regression Model. Least Squares Estimation. Inferences About the Regression Model. Inferences from the Estimated Regression Function. Model Checking and Other Aspects of Regression. Multivariate Multiple Regression. The Concept of Linear Regression. Comparing the Two Formulations of the Regression Model. Multiple Regression Models with Time Dependant Errors. Supplement 7A The Distribution of the Likelihood Ratio for the Multivariate Regression Model. III. ANALYSIS OF A COVARIANCE STRUCTURE. 8. Principal Components. Population Principal Components. Summarizing Sample Variation by Principal Components. Graphing the Principal Components. Large-Sample Inferences. Monitoring Quality with Principal Components. Supplement 8A The Geometry of the Sample Principal Component Approximation. 9. Factor Analysis and Inference for Structured Covariance Matrices. The Orthogonal Factor Model. Methods of Estimation. Factor Rotation. Factor Scores. Perspectives and a Strategy for Factor Analysis. Structural Equation Models. Supplement 9A Some Computational Details for Maximum Likelihood Estimation. 10. Canonical Correlation Analysis Canonical Variates and Canonical Correlations. Interpreting the Population Canonical Variables. The Sample Canonical Variates and Sample Canonical Correlations. Additional Sample Descriptive Measures. Large Sample Inferences. IV. CLASSIFICATION AND GROUPING TECHNIQUES. 11. Discrimination and Classification. Separation and Classification for Two Populations. Classifications with Two Multivariate Normal Populations. Evaluating Classification Functions. Fisher's Discriminant Function...nSeparation of Populations. Classification with Several Populations. Fisher's Method for Discriminating among Several Populations. Final Comments. 12. Clustering, Distance Methods and Ordination. Similarity Measures. Hierarchical Clustering Methods. Nonhierarchical Clustering Methods. Multidimensional Scaling. Correspondence Analysis. Biplots for Viewing Sample Units and Variables. Procustes Analysis: A Method for Comparing Configurations. Appendix. Standard Normal Probabilities. Student's t-Distribution Percentage Points. ...c2 Distribution Percentage Points. F-Distribution Percentage Points. F-Distribution Percentage Points (...a = .10). F-Distribution Percentage Points (...a = .05). F-Distribution Percentage Points (...a = .01). Data Index. Subject Index.

F. H. C. Marriott

Papers

Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis.