Catalytic NOx Abatement Systems for Mobile Sources: From Three-Way to Lean Burn after-Treatment Technologies Pascal Granger* and Vasile I. Parvulescu* Unit e de Catalyse et de Chimie du Solide, UMR CNRS 8181, University of Lille 1, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, University of Bucharest, Romania, 412 Regina Elisabeta Boulevard, Bucharest 030016, Romania

Catalytic NOx Abatement Systems for Mobile Sources: From Three-Way to Lean Burn after-Treatment Technologies

Vanadium oxide monolayer catalysts Preparation, characterization and catalytic activity

Supported vanadium oxide catalysts contain a vanadium oxide phase deposited on a high surface area oxide support (e.g., Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, etc.) and have found extensive applications as oxidation catalysts in the chemical, petroleum and environmental industries. This review of supported vanadium oxide catalysts focuses on the fundamental aspects of this novel class of catalytic materials (molecular structures, electronic structures, surface chemistry and structure–reactivity relationships). The molecular and electronic structures of the supported vanadium oxide phases were determined by the application of modern in situ characterization techniques (Raman, IR, UV-vis, XANES, EXAFS, solid state 51V NMR and isotopic oxygen exchange). The characterization studies revealed that the supported vanadium oxide phase consists of two-dimensional surface vanadia sites dispersed on the oxide supports. Corresponding surface chemistry and reactivity studies demonstrated that the surface vanadia sites are the catalytic active sites for oxidation reactions by supported vanadia catalysts. Combination of characterization and reactivity studies demonstrate that the oxide support controls the redox properties of the surface vanadia sites that can be varied by as much as a factor of ∼103.

Catalysis science of supported vanadium oxide catalysts

Vanadia-titania catalysts for oxidation of o-xylene and other hydrocarbons

The interaction of vanadium pentoxide with titania (anatase): Part I. Effect on o-xylene oxidation to phthalic anhydride

Vanadium oxide catalysts of the monolayer type have been prepared by means of chemisorption of vanadate(V)-anions from aqueous solutions and by chemisorption of gaseous V2O3(OH)4. Using Al2O3, Cr2O3, TiO2, CeO2 and ZrO2, catalysts with an approximately complete monomolecular layer of vanadium(V) oxide on the carrier oxides can be prepared, if temperature is not too high. Divalent metal oxides like CdO and ZnO may already form threedimensional surface vanadates at moderate temperature. 
The thermal stability of a monolayer catalyst is related to the parameter z/a, i. e. the ratio of the carrier cation charge to the sum of ionic radii of carrier cation and oxide anion. Thus, monolayer catalysts will be thermally stable only under the condition that z/a is not too high (aggregated catalyst) nor too small (ternary compound formation).

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F. Roozeboom

Papers

Vanadium oxide monolayer catalysts. I. Preparation, characterization, and thermal stability

Vanadium oxide monolayer catalysts. i. preparation, characterization, and thermal stability