A lithographic apparatus configured to project a patterned beam of radiation onto a target portion of a substrate is disclosed. The apparatus includes a first radiation dose detector and a second radiation dose detector, each detector comprising a secondary electron emission surface configured to receive a radiation flux and to emit secondary electrons due to the receipt of the radiation flux, the first radiation dose detector located upstream with respect to the second radiation dose detector viewed with respect to a direction of radiation transmission, and a meter, connected to each detector, to detect a current or voltage resulting from the secondary electron emission from the respective electron emission surface.

Lithographic apparatus, and device manufacturing method

A hose for containing a vacuum, which hose has an impermeable flexible tube capable of holding a vacuum and a braided or interwoven flexible interior wall, said wall providing support to said interior wall of said impermeable flexible tube. Optionally, an exterior braided or woven wall may be provided to the hose for protection or to allow the hose to be used as a pressure hose. The hose may delimit a vacuum space through which may travel a thermal transfer line containing, for example, cryogenic fluid.

Flexible collapse-resistant and length-stable vaccum hose

Methods are disclosed for designing improved flexible tubes and production methods which have improved flexibility and resistance to collapsing under load or during bending. Methods for injection molding a flexible tube ( 2 ) and providing at least one support member ( 4 ) that is arranged to provide improved lateral support to reduce lateral collapsing of the flexible tube ( 2 ). Methods for using and fabricating flexible tubes ( 2 ) are also provided for various shapes of support members ( 4 ) including annular ribs, helical ribs, spaced apart coils ( 128 ), narrow ribs, wide supports, as well as for various cross sectional shapes of flexible tubes ( 2 ), including streamlined elongated hydrofoil shaped cross sectional shapes relative to the longitudinal axis of flex tube ( 2 ). Methods and designs are disclosed for providing an improved diving mouthpiece ( 14 ) used for diving snorkels or other underwater breathing equipment which can reduce jaw fatigue, reduce chaffing to the soft tissues of the mouth and provide increased structural integrity. Methods are provided for reducing collapsing of the mouthpiece ( 30 ) around a transverse axis under load created during use. Molding methods and designs are also disclosed for reducing material costs, material weight, fabrication time, manufacturing costs and improving function, structure and/or styling for diving mouthpieces ( 14 ). Other methods also disclosed.

Snorkels, flexible tubes, mouthpieces and methods

A flexible conduit includes a corrugated tubular metal bellows having a minimum inner diameter; cylindrical end fittings secured to the bellows; a metal hose disposed coaxially within the bellows and having a maximum outer diameter which is less than the minimum inner diameter of the bellows; and a free annular cylindrical space situated between the bellows and the metal hose. The cylindrical space has an outer diameter equaling the minimum inner diameter of the bellows and an inner diameter equaling the maximum outer diameter of the metal hose. The conduit further has a hollow cylindrical knit wire element positioned in the cylindrical space. The knit wire element radially fully occupies the cylindrical space without projecting radially therefrom.

Flexible conduit having a cylindrical knit metal wire element

The invention concerns a conduit element made of metal for uncoupling high frequency vibrations in connection with exhaust gas conduits of motor vehicle internal combustion engines. To improve the uncoupling of these high frequency vibrations, the conduit element of the invention basically comprises a screw thread-shaped or annularly undulating short corrugated sheathing hose of high rigidity inserted into the exhaust gas conduit, as well as a knitted jacket placed on the waved corrugated sheathing hose segment in a force-locking or form-locking manner.

Conduit element for exhaust gas conduits of motor vehicles

To reduce turbulence in a fluid flow, especially exhaust gas from automotive internal combustion engines, within a flexible conduit element, a bellows (1, 40, 42) has an internal hose (6) located therein made of woven or knit metal wire. The hose is engaged against the internal corrugations of the bellows (1) and/or a connecting pipe (41) between adjacent bellows (40, 42) to guide the exhaust gases, and dampen vibrations and oscillations, which may become resonant with the corrugations of the bellows, and thereby decrease noise level during the gas flow. The hose (6) is engaged against the inner corrugations (3) of the bellows by, for example, first axially compressing the hose to result in permanent deformation of the wires to a diameter larger than the clear inner diameter of the bellows; by then forcing the hose into the bellows, the hose will resiliently compress and engage against the bellows. The hose, at least at one point remote from an attachment stub (4) has the wires thereof circumferentially connected so that, upon axial compression, the hose will bulge in barrel shape. More than one connection (17, 18, 20-22) of the wires may be used. The frictional engagement force may be enhanced and controlled by additional internal force spreading elements, such as springs and the like, or by formation of pimples or small bulges embossed on the outside of the hose.

Flexible fluid conduit element with a metal bellows

A tube element especially for exhaust systems and exhaust recirculation systems of combustion engines in vehicles which includes at least one helically or annularly corrugated bellows provided with cylindrical end fittings on each end of the bellows; a flexible hose made of metal and situated on an interior surface of the bellows; and a braiding hose made of metal wire which coaxially encloses an exterior surface of the bellows. The braiding hose being placed on the cylindrical end fittings together with the flexible hose so that the flexible hose and the braiding hose are connected firmly and at least indirectly. The braiding hose is installed in a state of pre-setting so that the braiding hose has a reduced radial cross-section which in frictional contact with the exterior surface of the bellows.

Tube element with one metal bellows

The pipe element (1) has an inner pipe portion (3) that is surrounded by an outer pipe portion (4) with a predetermined distance (5), and designed in a gas-tight manner, such that an intermediate space (6) is formed between the inner and outer pipe portion. The inner pipe portion comprising corrugated tube or bellows (7,8) that are positioned between a left smooth cylindrical end section (9) and a right smooth-cylindrical end section (10). Each end section is provided with a fastening element (13,13') are for securing the inner pipe portion on the outer pipe portion.

Flexible pipe element

A flexible conveying element, in particular for the exhaust systems of automotive combustion engines, having a helically or annularly corrugated metal hose which is installed coaxially in the metal bellows. The outside diameter of the metal hose is smaller than the inside diameter of the bellows and the ends of the hose are situated inside the end fittings of the bellows. The metal hose has an interlocked profile and the bellows and the hose are in an at least indirect contact with each other in at least one additional zone between the two end fittings.

Flexible conveying element

The pipe element contains a metal sheath, with a coaxial woven/knitted hose of metal wire in the sheath, connected at the ends. An expanding force acts on the hose (6) to expand it in radial direction, and move it into friction contact with the inner wall of the pipe element (1). The pipe element contains at least two corrugated sheaths, positioned axially behind each other. Neighbouring sheaths are connected via an intermediate metal tube. The internal diameter of this corresponds mainly to the free internal diameter of the neighbouring sheaths.

Fabian Elsässer

Papers

Flexible fluid conduit element with a metal bellows

Tube element with one metal bellows

Flexible pipe element

Flexible conveying element

Pipe member having a metal bellows