How have Japanese companies become world leaders in the automotive and electronics industries, among others? What is the secret of their success? Two leading Japanese business experts, Ikujiro Nonaka and Hirotaka Takeuchi, are the first to tie the success of Japanese companies to their ability to create new knowledge and use it to produce successful products and technologies. In The Knowledge-Creating Company, Nonaka and Takeuchi provide an inside look at how Japanese companies go about creating this new knowledge organizationally. The authors point out that there are two types of knowledge: explicit knowledge, contained in manuals and procedures, and tacit knowledge, learned only by experience, and communicated only indirectly, through metaphor and analogy. U.S. managers focus on explicit knowledge. The Japanese, on the other hand, focus on tacit knowledge. And this, the authors argue, is the key to their success--the Japanese have learned how to transform tacit into explicit knowledge. To explain how this is done--and illuminate Japanese business practices as they do so--the authors range from Greek philosophy to Zen Buddhism, from classical economists to modern management gurus, illustrating the theory of organizational knowledge creation with case studies drawn from such firms as Honda, Canon, Matsushita, NEC, Nissan, 3M, GE, and even the U.S. Marines. For instance, using Matsushita's development of the Home Bakery (the world's first fully automated bread-baking machine for home use), they show how tacit knowledge can be converted to explicit knowledge: when the designers couldn't perfect the dough kneading mechanism, a software programmer apprenticed herself withthe master baker at Osaka International Hotel, gained a tacit understanding of kneading, and then conveyed this information to the engineers. In addition, the authors show that, to create knowledge, the best management style is neither top-down nor bottom-up, but rather what they call "middle-up-down," in which the middle managers form a bridge between the ideals of top management and the chaotic realities of the frontline. As we make the turn into the 21st century, a new society is emerging. Peter Drucker calls it the "knowledge society," one that is drastically different from the "industrial society," and one in which acquiring and applying knowledge will become key competitive factors. Nonaka and Takeuchi go a step further, arguing that creating knowledge will become the key to sustaining a competitive advantage in the future. Because the competitive environment and customer preferences changes constantly, knowledge perishes quickly. With The Knowledge-Creating Company, managers have at their fingertips years of insight from Japanese firms that reveal how to create knowledge continuously, and how to exploit it to make successful new products, services, and systems.

The knowledge-creating company

An Exploratory Study on the Role of Stakeholder Management in the Implementation of Smart Government Projects in the UAE By Taher Al Braik AL Ameri The extant literature on stakeholder theory describes it as a vital managerial tool for establishing relationships across various organisational domains and establishing product/or service value. Although there is not an accepted universal definition to explain what constitutes a stakeholder, the foundational concept which is a normative view derived from the social and behavioural sciences, defines stakeholders as “all of those groups and individuals that can affect or are affected by the accomplishment of organisational purpose (Freeman, 1984, p. 46). Undoubtedly, this definition suggests that a clear connection exist and the ‘‘economic value is created by people who voluntarily come together and cooperate to improve everyone’s circumstance’’ (Freeman et al., 2004, p. 364). Using a stakeholder theory framework, this qualitative study investigated the relationship between stakeholder management practices and stakeholder involvement relative to m-government and e-Government smart technologies used in the UAE. Thus, within the organisational context face-to-face interviews were conducted with a sample of 25 diverse stakeholders from three different public-sector organisations. The results of the study presented four themes that underscored the importance of the stakeholder relationship in influencing product/or service value among digital consumers. In addition, the interviews revealed that internal and external stakeholder support is associated with facilitating higher customer usage of mobile and electronic government application technologies. Therefore, the central value of the present research study is that it improves the understanding of how stakeholder management is key to maintaining stakeholder retention and commitment relative to achieving smart government objectives. Given the priority of smart government initiatives in the UAE, stakeholder influence is essential to improving consumer acceptance and satisfaction with new mobile technology applications.

An Exploratory Study on the Role of Stakeholder Management in the Implementation of Smart Government Projects in the UAE

This article studies the factors affecting the adoption of the DigiLocker cloud-based E-governance service in India. This study integrates the e-GAM and UTAUT model to develop a hypothesized framework to investigate the DigiLocker E-governance service adoption in India from a citizen's perspective. The survey was conducted among citizens in Pune city and its suburbs using a structured questionnaire. The confirmatory factor analysis was done using the PLS-SEM technique. The results of this cross-sectional research explain that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, social influence, perceived awareness, computer self-efficacy, multilingual option, perceived quality of information, perceived response and perceived trust influence the behavioral intention and actual usage of DigiLocker cloud-based E-governance service. The outcome of this article is valuable to policymakers for providing better E-governance services. This research presents vital insights and highlights the factors that influence the cloud-based E-governance service adoption in developing countries like India.

An Empirical Study of Cloud-Based E-Governance Services Adoption in India

Efficiency of consumer behaviour and digital ecosystem in the generation of the plastic waste toward the circular economy.

Roughly, 40 percent of people in Central, South, East, and Southeast Asia now use the Internet. Given the technology’s growth, many governments have adopted it to reshape how they interact with their citizens, including tax collection and service provision. There are a variety of applications of e-government ranging from downloading of forms to more interactive types, such as applications for licenses, Internet voting, and citizen input into public policy. This paper opens with a review of e-government and its implications. Second, it turns to the digital divide in Asia, a major obstacle to e-government implementation. Third, it utilizes two measures of e-government compiled by the United Nations: the e-government readiness and e-participation scores, to provide an overview of how e-government implementation varies among the region’s countries. The fourth part offers a series of vignettes that highlight how e-government varies among countries, including the most and least successful examples. It concludes...

Asian geographies of e-government

When the world was engulfed by a COVID-19 pandemic crisis, various activities could not be carried out normally. Activities may continue from home during a crisis by the use of a smartphone through the internet, because almost all people have their own smartphone, without requiring additional purchase of hardware. For formal learning, people can take the opportunity to use social media platforms to undertake conversations easily by using smart phones, even tablets. Teenagers or adults who are still studying in higher education institutions can undertake continuous learning for their work assignments. For example, they can use these tools to communicate through social media such as the WhatsApp, Telegram, Zoom, Microsoft Team, and Edmodo apps to connect with friends and lecturers. This research reveals trends of digital social media security and usability in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic situation, such as working from home, establishing a start-up, improving business processes and conducting online business within the digital ecosystem. The result is interesting and there are many uses of social media which have been addressed in this study during the COVID-19 pandemic for business purposes. The various social media platforms have different features that are available for use by subscribers, and also make it easier for people to do business. This is mainly due to the fact that they open up the global market and also make it cheaper to advertise. The government as well as the private sector has been in the forefront when it comes to the use of social media. Maintaining a good online presence is one of the key aspects that determine the success of start-up companies. This is due to the fact that most customers usually rely on the customer reviews in determining the ability of a company to meet the needs of clients. The main reason why most companies set up a customer relations department that is mandated with the responsibility of responding to customer feedback on various online platforms. On the other hand, the increased use of social media has brought new challenges when it comes to the security of information. Users must, therefore, secure their servers and technology from external and internal threats. One of the strategies used is the use of passwords to log into a portal where each person authorized to access the portal is provided with a password that is unique and known only by the user. The study has covered all these areas in detail including the use of database management systems in an organization or individual.

Revealing Social Media Phenomenon in Time of COVID-19 Pandemic for Boosting Start-Up Businesses through Digital Ecosystem

Digital transformation has been gaining attention amongst organizations, especially in keeping up with the demands and changes posed by COVID-19 pandemic. However, the pandemic introduced challenges to organizations in the context of digital transformation and caused human resource management (HRM) to deal with such a challenging environment, impacting their practices and the workforce. The chapter intends to uncover the challenges of digital transformation following the COVID-19 crisis which is affecting the culture of one's organization. It also aims to provide insights of how HRM can play an important role in addressing these challenges. The result is promising. Digital transformation affected to HRM with challenging business processes within the organization. The study will be valuable for organizations to understand the issues surrounding digital transformation in Asia and comprehend the potential means of managing these issues, especially for the HRM, and it contributes to knowledge in the area of digital transformation, information technology, and innovation.

Challenges of Digital Transformation: Impact on Culture and the Role of HRM

From E-Government to E-Governance: Winning People’s Trust

Human-centered design is an approach that focuses on involving the end user throughout the product development and testing process which can be crucial in ensuring that the product meets the needs and capabilities of the user, particularly in terms of user experience and safety. The structured and iterative nature of human-centered design can often be a challenge for the design team when faced with the necessary, rapid, product development life cycles associated with the competitiveness in the industry. This ensures that the needs of the user are taken into account throughout the design process whilst also maintaining a rapid pace of development, and its rationale before outlining how it was applied to assess and enhance the usability, human factors, and user experience within destructive digital ecosystem era. The authors encouraged a system approach such as human-centered design for prevention on further damages being done on data breaches through the application of each steps of the process.

Fadzliwati Mohiddin

Papers

Revealing Social Media Phenomenon in Time of COVID-19 Pandemic for Boosting Start-Up Businesses through Digital Ecosystem

Challenges of Digital Transformation: Impact on Culture and the Role of HRM

From E-Government to E-Governance: Winning People’s Trust

Human-Centered Design to Enhance the Usability, Human Factors, and User Experience Within Digital Destructive Ecosystems

E-Government Policy Implementation in Brunei: Lessons Learnt from Singapore