The primary goal of this study is to aid blind people who do not require human assistance. People who cannot see the world have difficulty perceiving the obstacles in front of them, putting their lives in jeopardy. Using an intelligent and multipurpose bright blind stick will allow them to recognize their environment. In this study, we presented a low-cost, innovative, and versatile stick for blind individuals in our community adopting IoT to better their lives. A person can walk more confidently with the help of this brilliant blind stick. This stick can identify impediments in the route of blind people thanks to an Arduino UNO, ultrasonic sensor, IR sensor, water sensor, GPS and GSM modules, four-channel wireless remote control, and Buzzer. This stick identifies any object or barrier in front of the user, such as water, holes, stairs, or cars, and if any are detected, the system will inform the blind person via a buzzer. Our system&#x2019;s processing unit, the Arduino UNO, processes all input and delivers outputs. The walking stick has an ultrasonic sensor and an infrared sensor to identify obstructions in front of blind or disabled people. The water sensor can detect the presence of water and emit an alarm to inform people who are blind. Friends and family members of blind people may easily monitor them using our technology, and blind people can also use GPS and GSM to locate the stick by pressing a button on the remote, which will cause the Buzzer to ring continuously for 5 seconds, indicating its location. We also researched and compared various current systems in this study, which led us to build a cost-effective, quick-responding, portable, intelligent, and bright multipurpose stick for blind persons utilizing IoT. 

An Intelligent and Multi-Functional Stick for Blind People Using IoT

In this paper, we have proposed a system for visually impaired people using an ESP32 microcontroller, Radar sensor, Ultrasonic sensor, and GPS. This proposed system detects the object and converts it into an audio signal. We have used different types of sensors. It also contains Bluetooth for audio navigation. This smart stick is user-friendly, light in weight, low power consumption, easy to use, and easy to understand for the user. This project aims towards helping visually impaired people so they can roam around independently. It is portable in use in any environment. It is a smart stick that guides the user by sensing the obstacles in the range of the stick on the path of the user. The vibration and buzzer sensor which is placed on the stick notifies the user about the hurdles or objects which are on the path of the user. 

Smart Navigation System Assistance for Visually Impaired People

Nowadays, the messaging system is one of the most popular mobile applications, and therefore the authentication between clients is essential. Various kinds of such mobile applications are using encryption-based security protocols, but they are facing many security threat issues. It clearly defines the necessity for a trustful security procedure. Therefore, a blockchain-based messaging system could be an alternative to this problem. That is why, we have developed a secured peer-to-peer messaging system supported by blockchain. This proposed mechanism provides data security among the users. In a blockchain-based framework, all the information can be verified and controlled automatically and all the transactions are recorded that have been created already. In our paper, we have explained how the users can communicate through a blockchain-based messaging system that can maintain a secured network. We explored why blockchain would improve communication security in this post, and we proposed a model architecture for blockchain-based messaging that retains the performance and security of data stored on the blockchain. Our proposed architecture is completely decentralized and enables users to send and receive messages in an acceptable and secure manner. 

A Secured Peer-to-Peer Messaging System Based on Blockchain

Intelligent Transportation System: Modern Business Models

In this paper, we have proposed a system for visually impaired people using an ESP32 microcontroller, Radar sensor, Ultrasonic sensor, and GPS. This proposed system detects the object and converts it into an audio signal. We have used different types of sensors. It also contains Bluetooth for audio navigation. This smart stick is user-friendly, light in weight, low power consumption, easy to use, and easy to understand for the user. This project aims towards helping visually impaired people so they can roam around independently. It is portable in use in any environment. It is a smart stick that guides the user by sensing the obstacles in the range of the stick on the path of the user. The vibration and buzzer sensor which is placed on the stick notifies the user about the hurdles or objects which are on the path of the user.

For visually challenged people, getting from one place to another is one of the most challenging jobs. Whether going indoors or outside, they typically require help from humankind. The lives of visually impaired persons are made more difficult by the environment's inadequate conditions. To overcome such hazards as hitting with obstacles, holes, stairs, or slipping on wet ground, a blind person must always be alert. In the event of an emergency, they might have to send an alarm message to their family or friends who are close by. In light of the preceding, we have addressed all of these difficulties in this study and provided a solution to help visually challenged people live freely. The ultrasonic sensor in our system helps blind people to notice obstacles such as holes and stairwells, while a water sensor detects water. The smart stick's buzzer goes off when any hindrance is recognized. The GPS and GSM components in our framework assist the users in determining the precise location of the smart stick. An Arduino UNO is used to control the device in this setup. The smart stick that has been recommended is a low- cost device that responds quickly, is simple to use, and consumes minimal energy.

Fahad Ahammed

Papers

Prototype Development of an Assistive Smart-Stick for the Visually Challenged Persons