The taxonomic composition of a recently discovered silicified fossil forest, preserved by volcanic activity 18.2-16.9 million years ago in Camlidere near Ankara (Turkey), is investigated. Many samples collected were divided into 2 groups as CAM1 and CAM2. Thin sections from transversal, radial, and tangential directions were cut to identify the woods. Wood identifications were performed using standard techniques and fossil wood features. The preserved wood indicates that the forest was composed almost exclusively of Taxodium (CAM1) and Sequoia (CAM2). These genera were extinct from Anatolia and Europe during late Miocene.

https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/agriculture/issues/tar-09-33-1/tar-33-1-10-0807-17.pdf

Woods of a Miocene petrified forest near Ankara, Turkey.

In this study, wood production and hydrologic functions of forests were accommodated within a planning procedure for separate working circles (areas dedicated to certain forest functions) that were delineated according to an Ecosystem-Based Functional Planning approach. Mixed integer goal programming was used as the optimization technique. The timing and scheduling of a maintenance cutting (partial harvest) was the decision variable in the modeling effort, and an original formulation was developed as a multiobjective planning procedure. Four sample planning strategies were developed and model outputs were evaluated according to these strategies. Spatial characteristics of stands were considered, and used to prohibit the regeneration of adjacent stands during the same time period. Because of the positive relationship between qualified water production and standing timber volume in the forest, the model attempts to maximize qualified water production levels by increasing standing volume stocks in the forest through the delay of regeneration activities.

Modeling harvest scheduling in multifunctional planning of forests for longterm water yield optimization

Archaeological excavations in Yenikapi revealed valuable information about the ship building techniques in Byzantine period. The purpose of this study is to perform wood identifications of the 27 trade ships of Yenikapi and to discuss and compare the wood use from 6 th to 11 th century. Using standard wood identification techniques, 3122 wood sam- ples from 27 trade ships were identified. Wood identification revealed these important outcomes: Wood use changed from earlier time (5 th - 6 th ) to later (7 th - 9 th and10 th - 11 th ). During 6 th -8 th centuries generally conifer woods were preferred. Later, during 9 th - 11 th broad-leaved trees (elm, oak, chestnut species) had been used. The reasons of this change may be (1) preferring more resistant woods, (2) obtaining of the wood material. Wood identification showed that the origin of the ships might be around of the Marmara Coasts and northern forests. Conifer trees in earlier ships might be from the planted areas by the Bosporus, and broad-leaved trees in later ships might be from the northern forests. Most of the ships have also very low number of different woods such as walnut, poplar and hornbeam. These woods may indicate some small repairs in the ships.

WOODS OF BYZANTINE TRADE SHIPS OF YENIKAPI (ISTANBUL) AND CHANGES IN WOOD USE FROM 6th TO 11th CENTURY

In this study, the bryophyte flora of Igneada Floodplain Forest National Park (Kirklareli-Demirkoy) and Acarlar Floodplain Forest (Sakarya-Karasu) in Turkey were investigated in 2016–2017. ...

New records of Bryum gemmiferum and Atrichum crispum for Turkey

Oak (Quercus spp.) forests are among the most important forest types in Turkey. In the past, oak forests were managed through coppice clear-cutting, but in recent decades they have mostly been converted to high forest. This study was aimed at explaining how arthropod diversity is affected during conversion from coppice to high oak forest and during the early stages of coppice succession. We tested the hypothesis that arthropod richness, abundance and diversity in coppice oak sites varied according to stand age and a number of other forest characteristics. Arthropod communities were sampled in 50 plots using four different methods: pitfall traps, sweep nets, sticky cards and cloth shaking. A total of 13 084 individuals were collected and classified into 193 Recognizable Taxonomic Units (RTUs), with the most RTUs and the greatest number of specimens captured by sweep netting. We identified 17 taxa within RTU’s with more than 1% of the captured arthropods, which constituted 75% of the total specimens. The number of RTUs varied significantly according to trap type. Arthropod richness and Shannon-Wiener biodiversity index (H′) increased with elevation and precipitation. In young (1-40 yrs-old) and middle-aged (41-80 yrs) stands, arthropod biodiversity was not significantly affected by stand type, but slightly increased with diameter at breast height and tree height. Forest characteristics, such as the litter layer, understory and crown diameter, weakly influenced arthropod richness and abundance. Cluster analysis revealed that stand types and trap types differed taxonomically. Principal component analysis showed that stand types were clearly separated by the stand parameters measured. Insect families (Formicidae, Thripidae, Lygaeidae, Dolichopodidae, Luaxanidae, Cicadellidae and Ichneumonidae) could potentially be used as indicators of coppice oak conditions. As the coppice oak changes to mature forest, further studies are needed to better assess the relation between arthropods, forest types and structural characteristics of stands.

/pdf/arthropod-diversity-in-pure-oak-forests-of-coppice-origin-in-twcq7sfqkn.pdf

Arthropod diversity in pure oak forests of coppice origin in northern Thrace (Turkey)

BELGRAD ORMAN VEJETASYONUNUN FLORISTIK ANALIZI ANA MESCERE TIPLERININ KOMPOSIZYONU UZERINDE ARASTIRMALAR

Belgrad orman vejetasyonunun flori̇sti̇k anali̇zi̇ ana meşcere ti̇pleri̇ni̇n komposi̇zyonu üzeri̇nde araştirmalar

Tersiyer'in sonunda İstanbul'un çok yakınında yaşamış olan mamut ağaçları

MEMLEKETIMIZIN DOĞAL AKCAAĞAC (Acer L.) TURLERININ ODUNLARININ ANATOMIK OZELLIKLERI ILE YETISME YERI ARASINDAKI MUNASEBET

Faik Yaltırık

Papers

Belgrad orman vejetasyonunun flori̇sti̇k anali̇zi̇ ana meşcere ti̇pleri̇ni̇n komposi̇zyonu üzeri̇nde araştirmalar

Tersiyer'in sonunda İstanbul'un çok yakınında yaşamış olan mamut ağaçları

MEMLEKETİMİZİN DOĞAL AKÇAAĞAÇ (Acer L.) TÜRLERİNİN ODUNLARININ ANATOMİK ÖZELLİKLERİ İLE YETİŞME YERİ ARASINDAKİ MÜNASEBET

Ericaceae familyasının memleketimizde az tanınan taksonlarına toplu bakış

Türkiye'de doğal yetişen ve yetiştirilen kara kavak taksonları üzerinde yeni görüşler