자연주의적 탐구조사(Naturalistic Inquiry)

Bodies That Matter: On the Discursive Limits of “Sex”

Research Interviewing: Context and Narrative

American Cancer Society Guidelines for the Early Detection of Cancer

Unraveling the Mystery of Health

Objectives: To examine the relationship between health beliefs and participation in breast cancer screening among Arab women in Israel. Methods: A random sample of 568 Arab women, aged 20–60, belonging to three religious groups, Muslim, Christian, and Druze, was recruited. Participants answered a telephone questionnaire regarding attendance for mammography screening and clinical breast examination (CBE) and health beliefs. Results: Christian women had undergone more mammography screening and CBE than Druze and Muslim women. They perceived more benefits and fewer barriers to screening practices and had greater perception of the severity of breast cancer. Perception of susceptibility was similar across groups. The barriers that were significant for the Druze and Muslim women were feelings of discomfort and embarrassment, the belief that there was no cure in the case of a positive finding, perceiving mammography as hazardous to health, and perceiving CBE as painful. Logistic regression revealed that age, gro...

Health beliefs and rates of breast cancer screening among Arab women.

Arab women have undergone major modernization processes in recent years and the effect of these processes on attitudes to screening should be examined. Fifty-one Israeli Arab women participated in focus groups in five representative communities. The women expressed a combination of traditional beliefs and modern biomedical knowledge concerning risk and preventive factors related to cancer. Special importance was given to birth and breast-feeding as protective factors, integrating modern views with traditional concepts of motherhood as a woman's principal role in society. A major theme on who or what was responsible for one's health emerged, opinions ranging across fate and God's will, physicians and health services, or, as a substantial number of participants asserted, taking personal responsibility for one's health. A related theme that emerged was the perception of cancer as either a punishment or as a test devised by God. Fears of stigma related to breast or gynecological examinations, worries about the spouse's reaction once a lump is detected, and worries regarding the violation of religious and cultural requirements of modesty, were expressed. However, there was firm agreement that although these created emotional difficulties, they were not sufficiently important to cause women to forgo screenings.

Between traditional and modern perceptions of breast and cervical cancer screenings: a qualitative study of Arab women in Israel.

Death and dying anxiety were examined among elderly Arab Muslims in Israel. A total of 145 people aged 60 and over were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire. Nursing home residents reported higher death anxiety than others; women and uneducated participants reported greater levels of fear of death and dying than others. There were no differences based on religiosity. Death anxiety was related to gender and education for elderly living in the community, but social support and self-esteem were additional correlates for those living in nursing homes. The results of this study indicate that fostering a sense that one has a supportive social and familial network is important in decreasing death and dying anxiety among elderly Arab people. It would also be beneficial to provide information and knowledge that might relieve some of the anxiety they experience.

Death and Dying Anxiety Among Elderly Arab Muslims in Israel

BACKGROUND:
The current study was conducted to assess screening behaviors in relation to cultural and environmental barriers among Palestinian women in the West Bank.

METHODS:
The participants were 397 women, ages 30 to 65 years, residing in the Palestinian Authority, and a stratified sample method was used (98.3% participation rate). The participants completed questionnaires on breast examination behaviors and knowledge, on perceived cancer fatalism and health beliefs, and on environmental barriers scales.

RESULTS:
Greater than 70% of the women had never undergone mammography or clinical breast examination (CBE), whereas 62% performed self breast examination (SBE). Women were more likely to undergo mammography if they were less religious (odds ratio [OR], 0.59; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.47-0.81) and if they expressed lower personal barriers (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.29-0.76) and lower fatalism (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.28-0.63). A higher likelihood for CBE was related to being Christian (OR, 2.91; 95% CI, 1.49-5.73) and being less religious (OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.13-0.78), to perceived higher effectiveness of CBE (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.20-1.79), and to perceived lower cancer fatalism (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.28-0.60). Women were more likely to perform SBE if they were more educated, resided in cities, were Christian, were less religious, had a first-degree relative with breast cancer, perceived higher effectiveness and benefits of SBE, and perceived lower barriers and fatalism.

CONCLUSIONS:
Participants reported a combination of personal, cultural, and environmental barriers, which should be addressed by educational programs and followed by the allocation of resources for early detection and treatment of breast cancer. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/cncr.25378

Factors associated with low screening for breast cancer in the Palestinian Authority: relations of availability, environmental barriers, and cancer-related fatalism.

This article presents a manifesto to discuss how bilingual - Hebrew-Arabic - education can work for Israel, challenging its reality and changing it. It presents the new comprehensive programme for bilingual education initiated and operated by the Jewish-Arab Centre at the University of Haifa, discussing it in the light of both theory and practice. This article consists of three parts. The first part outlines the Israeli educational system, describes its curriculum and refers to attempts to set up bilingual schools and projects in Israel. The second part reviews some theoretical aspects of bilingual education and offers new perspectives for analysing it. The last part deals with the new programme for bilingual education in Israel, examines its meaning and goals, and discusses possible models for promoting the programme.

Faisal Azaiza

Papers

Health beliefs and rates of breast cancer screening among Arab women.

Between traditional and modern perceptions of breast and cervical cancer screenings: a qualitative study of Arab women in Israel.

Death and Dying Anxiety Among Elderly Arab Muslims in Israel

Factors associated with low screening for breast cancer in the Palestinian Authority: relations of availability, environmental barriers, and cancer-related fatalism.

Into the Future: Towards Bilingual Education in Israel.