THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS. By Oscar Kempthorne. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1952. 631 pp. $8.50. This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for \"experimenters\") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment. It is necessary to have some facility with algebraic notation and manipulation to be able to use the volume intelligently. The problems are presented from the theoretical point of view, without such practical examples as would be helpful for those not acquainted with mathematics. The mathematical justification for the techniques is given. As a somewhat advanced treatment of the design and analysis of experiments, this volume will be interesting and helpful for many who approach statistics theoretically as well as practically. With emphasis on the \"why,\" and with description given broadly, the author relates the subject matter to the general theory of statistics and to the general problem of experimental inference. MARGARET J. ROBERTSON

The Design and Analysis of Experiments

Data Mining Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques

物件導向軟體之架構(Object-Oriented Software Construction)探討

Economic Control of Quality of Manufactured Product.

Praise for the Third Edition: "This is one of the best books available. Its excellent organizational structure allows quick reference to specific models and its clear presentation . . . solidifies the understanding of the concepts being presented."IIE Transactions on Operations EngineeringThoroughly revised and expanded to reflect the latest developments in the field, Fundamentals of Queueing Theory, Fourth Edition continues to present the basic statistical principles that are necessary to analyze the probabilistic nature of queues. Rather than presenting a narrow focus on the subject, this update illustrates the wide-reaching, fundamental concepts in queueing theory and its applications to diverse areas such as computer science, engineering, business, and operations research.This update takes a numerical approach to understanding and making probable estimations relating to queues, with a comprehensive outline of simple and more advanced queueing models. Newly featured topics of the Fourth Edition include:Retrial queuesApproximations for queueing networksNumerical inversion of transformsDetermining the appropriate number of servers to balance quality and cost of serviceEach chapter provides a self-contained presentation of key concepts and formulae, allowing readers to work with each section independently, while a summary table at the end of the book outlines the types of queues that have been discussed and their results. In addition, two new appendices have been added, discussing transforms and generating functions as well as the fundamentals of differential and difference equations. New examples are now included along with problems that incorporate QtsPlus software, which is freely available via the book's related Web site.With its accessible style and wealth of real-world examples, Fundamentals of Queueing Theory, Fourth Edition is an ideal book for courses on queueing theory at the upper-undergraduate and graduate levels. It is also a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners who analyze congestion in the fields of telecommunications, transportation, aviation, and management science.

Fundamentals of Queueing Theory

An efficient algorithm, the compact-dual linear programming (LP) method, is presented to solve the force distribution problem. In this method, the general solution of the linear equality constraints is obtained by transforming the underspecified matrix into row-reduced echelon form; then, the linear equality constraints of the force distribution problem are eliminated. In addition, the duality theory of linear programming is applied. The resulting method is applicable to a wide range of systems, constraints, and objective functions and yet is computationally efficient. The significance of this method is demonstrated by solving the force distribution problem of a grasping system under development at Ohio State called DIGITS. With two fingers grasping an object and hard point contact with friction considered, the CPU time on a VAX-11/785 computer is only 1.47 ms. If four fingers are considered and a linear programming package in the IMSL library is utilized, the CPU time is then less than 45 ms. >

Efficient algorithm for optimal force distribution-the compact-dual LP method

Due to hardware limitations, physical constraints such as joint rate bounds, joint angle limits, and joint torque constraints always exist. In this paper, these constraints are considered in the general formulation of the redundant inverse kinematic problem. To take these physical constraints into account, the computationally efficient compact quadratic programming (QP) method is formed to resolve the constrained kinematic redundancy problem. In addition, the compact-inverse QP method is also formulated to remedy the inescapable singularity problem with inequality constraints. Two examples are given to demonstrate the generality and superiority of these two methods: to eliminate the drift phenomenon caused by self motion and to remedy saturation-type nonlinearity problems. >

Resolving manipulator redundancy under inequality constraints

In an advanced semiconductor fab, online quality monitoring of wafers is required for maintaining high stability and yield of production equipment. The current practice of only measuring monitor wafers may not be able to timely detect the equipment-performance drift happening in-between the scheduled measurements. This may cause defects of production wafers and, thereby, raise the production cost. In this paper, a novel virtual metrology scheme (VMS) is proposed for overcoming this problem. The proposed VMS is capable of predicting the quality of each production wafer using parameters data from production equipment. Consequently, equipment-performance drift can be detected promptly. A radial basis function neural network is adopted to construct the virtual metrology model. Also, a model parameter coordinator is developed to effectively increase the prediction accuracy of the VMS. The chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process in semiconductor manufacturing is used to test and verify the effectiveness of the proposed VMS. Test results show that the proposed VMS demonstrates several advantages over the one based on back-propagation neural network and can achieve high prediction accuracy with mean absolute percentage error being 0.34% and maximum error being 1.15%. The proposed VMS is simple yet effective, and can be practically applied to construct the prediction models of semiconductor CVD processes.

A Novel Virtual Metrology Scheme for Predicting CVD Thickness in Semiconductor Manufacturing

A two-level hierarchical control scheme is proposed to solve the large-scale control problem for multiple-chain robotic systems forming simple closed-kinematic loops. These robotic systems include dexterous hands, multiple manipulators, and multilegged vehicles. The upper-level coordinator collects all the necessary information and solves the inter-chain coordination problem which is, in fact, the force distribution problem. The corresponding constrained, optimal solutions (which are the set-points of chain contact forces and input joint torques) decouple this large-scale system into m lower-level subsystems. Then, m local controllers may be assigned to solve the associated chain force and motion control problems in parallel.
This dissertation concentrates on developing a general and efficient optimal algorithm which may solve the force distribution problem in real time. To begin with, the governing equations for force distribution are derived. This general dynamic formulation is applicable to all three types of systems considered through some changes in parameters. A computationally efficient optimal algorithm called the Compact-Dual LP (Linear Programming) method for solving the force distribution problem is, then, devised. In this method, the general solution of the linear equality constraints is obtained by transforming the underspecified matrix into row-reduced echelon form; then, the linear equality constraints of the force distribution problem are eliminated. Also, the duality theory of linear programming is applied. The resulting method is applicable to a wide range of systems, constraints (e.g., friction constraints, maximum joint torque constraints, etc.), and objective functions, and yet is computationally efficient.
The significance of the Compact-Dual LP method is demonstrated by solving the force distribution problem of a grasping system under development at OSU called DIGITS. With 2 fingers grasping an object and hard point contact considered, the CPU time on a VAX-11/785 computer is only 1.47 ms. If 4 fingers are considered, a combined objective function for minimum effort, load balance, and temporal continuity is applied, and a linear programming package in the IMSL library is utilized, then the CPU time is less than 45 ms. Therefore, it is believed that the general force distribution problem may be solved by the Compact-Dual LP method in real time.

Efficient algorithms for optimal force distribution in multiple-chain robotic systems

A quality prognostics system and a quality prognostics method for predicting the product quality during manufacturing processes are disclosed. The present invention utilizes the current production tool parameters sensed during the manufacturing process and several previous quality data collected from the measurement tool to predict the future product quality. The quality prognostics system is composed of conjecture modeling means and prediction modeling means. The conjecture modeling means itself also can be applied for the purpose of virtual metrology. Further, the quality prognostics method possesses a self-searching means and a self-adjusting means for searching the best combination of various parameters/functions used by the conjecture algorithm or prediction algorithm; and meeting the requirements of new equipment parameters and conjecture/prediction accuracy.

Fan-Tien Cheng

Papers

Efficient algorithm for optimal force distribution-the compact-dual LP method

Resolving manipulator redundancy under inequality constraints

A Novel Virtual Metrology Scheme for Predicting CVD Thickness in Semiconductor Manufacturing

Efficient algorithms for optimal force distribution in multiple-chain robotic systems

Quality prognostics system and method for manufacturing processes