Trace metal determination by chromatography

This chapter includes the aspects of Menadione (vitamin K). The drug is synthesized by the use of itaconic acid obtained through Friedel–Craft condensation or by direct oxidation of the 2-methyl-1,4-naphthquinone. Vitamin K generally maintains healthy blood clotting and prevents excessive bleeding and hemorrhage, it is also important for maintaining healthy bone structure and for carbohydrate storage in the body. In addition, it is given to newborn babies born in hospitals to prevent the development of life-threatening bleeding caused by low prothrombin levels. The chapter discusses the drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics and presents various method of analysis of this drug such as compendial tests, electrochemical analysis, spectroscopic analysis, and chromatographic techniques of separation. It also discusses its physical properties such as solubility characteristics, X-ray powder diffraction pattern, and thermal methods of analysis. The chapter is concluded with a discussion on its biological properties such as activity, toxicity, and safety.

Chapter Six - Menadione

Solvent extraction in analytical chemistry , Solvent extraction in analytical chemistry , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی

Solvent extraction on analytical chemistry

A semiquantitative method for the determination of 11 anions (chromate, chloride, bromide, iodide, bromate, chlorate, ferrocyanide, ferricyanide, thiocyanate, arsenite and sulphite) by making “circular spots” on chromatoplate with the circular thin layer Chromatographic apparatus and their comparison with sensitivity standards has been developed. The accuracy is ±5% and the procedure is rapid, simple and economical.

Semiquantitative determination of anions by circular thin-layer chromatography

A method for densitometric determination of vitamins A, B1, B2, D3, and C separated by t. l. c. is described. A silica gel layer is used with a solvent system of acetone-methanol-benzene (1∶2∶8). The spots are evaluated by direct densitometric light emission measurements. Preliminary separation of the vitamins one from another or from other pharmaceuticals is not necessary. The accuracy of the method is about 6%. The accuracy for vitamin A is up to 12%.

Determination of vitamins A, B1, B2, D3 and C by densitometry of thin-layer chromatograms

A semiquantitative method for the determination of iron, copper, cobalt, nickel and zinc is described which is based on circular thin-layer chromatographic technique. The error is minimized to ± 5% and interference of about 40 metal ions is removed by solvent extraction. The application of the method has been demonstrated by the determination of these metal ions in human blood and tissue and the method is suggested for the study of airborne particulates.

Semiquantitative determination of micro amounts of iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, and zinc in blood and tissue by circular thin-layer chromatography

A method is described for separation and identification of 17 vitamins by circular-thin layer chromatography. The method is simple and convenient; separation is complete within 2 minutes. The method is very sensitive and is specially suitable for routine identification when quick results are required.

Identification of seventeen vitamins by circular thin-layer chromatography.

A method has been developed for the separation and identification of 20 common amino acids by circular thin-layer chromatography. The amino acids are separated to neutral, acid, and basic groups by electrolysis and then identified by circular TLC. The method is simple and development of a chromatoplate is complete in about 3 minutes. The application of the method is illustrated by the analysis of amino acids in foods and in urine.

Identification of twenty amino acids by circular thin-layer chromatography.

A method for the microdetermination of copper, cobalt and nickel from a mixture containing 40 metal ions by circular thin-layer Chromatographic technique is described. The procedure is simple; the chromatoplate takes about 2 minutes for its development and other metal ions do not interfere with the determination. The recovery of copper, cobalt and nickel is better than 98%. The apparatus for the concentration of test solution before TLC analysis is also described.

Determination of copper, cobalt and nickel by circular thin-layer chromatography

A method for semiquantitative determination of water-soluble vitamins such as thiamin hydrochloride, riboflavin, pyridoxine, choline chloride,p-aminobenzoic acid, cyanocobalamine, nicotinic acid and ascorbic acid is described. It involves making “circular spots” or rings on chromatoplates using circular thin-layer chromatographic apparatus. The method is based on sensitivity and specificity of spot reactions together with comparison of the color intensity of a “circular spot” with that of sensitivity standard. The accuracy of the method is ± 5%. The usefulness of the procedure has been illustrated by determining the water-soluble vitamins from multi-vitamin tablets and injections.

Farhat Rafique Chughtai

Papers

Semiquantitative determination of micro amounts of iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, and zinc in blood and tissue by circular thin-layer chromatography

Identification of seventeen vitamins by circular thin-layer chromatography.

Identification of twenty amino acids by circular thin-layer chromatography.

Determination of copper, cobalt and nickel by circular thin-layer chromatography

Semiquantitative determination of water-soluble vitamins by circular thin-layer chromatography.