Corneal nerves: structure, contents and function.

These parameters were developed by the Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters, representing the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology; the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology; and the Joint Council of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI) and the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (ACAAI) have jointly accepted responsibility for establishing "The diagnosis and Management of Rhinitis: An Updated Practice Parameter." This is a complete and comprehensive document at the current time. The medical environment is a changing environment, and not all recommendations will be appropriate for all patients. Because this document incorporated the efforts of many participants, no single individual, including those who served on the Joint Task Force, is authorized to provide an official AAAAI or ACAAI interpretation of these practice parameters. Any request for information about or an interpretation of these practice parameters by the AAAAI or ACAAI should be directed to the Executive Offices of the AAAAI, the ACAAI, and the Joint Council of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. These parameters are not designed for use by pharmaceutical companies in drug promotion.

The diagnosis and management of rhinitis: An updated practice parameter

Propolis is a resinous hive product collected by honeybees from various plant sources. It is a popular folk medicine possessing a broad spectrum of biological activities. It has also been used as a health drink in various Asian, European and American countries. Several groups of researchers have focused their attention on the biological activity of propolis and its active principles. Many scientific articles are published every year in different international journals related to the pharmacological properties of propolis. This review article compiles recent findings (since 1995) on the pharmacological properties of propolis focusing on its antihepatotoxic, antitumour, antioxidative, antimicrobial and antiinflammatory properties. The possible mechanism of action of propolis as well as the active compounds are discussed.

Recent Progress in Pharmacological Research of Propolis

https://serval.unil.ch/resource/serval:BIB_3A01220E0FF1.P001/REF.pdf

Central serous chorioretinopathy: Recent findings and new physiopathology hypothesis.

Comparison of Conjunctival Autografts, Amniotic Membrane Grafts, and Primary Closure for Pterygium Excision

. This prospective study was undertaken to evaluate limbal conjunctival autotransplantation in the management of cases with recurrent pterygium. At present, new surgical techniques to prevent pterygium recurrence following surgery are in investigation. In recent years, it has been postulated that pterygium is due to hypofunction of limbal stem cells. Thirty-one out of 49 patients with recurrent pterygium were treated by limbal-conjunctival autograft transplantation and the other 18 treated by Czermak technique, including two line of limbal cauterization intraoperatively, and used as a control group. During a mean follow-up period of 10 months (ranging 3–18 months), 4 recurrences (13.3%) in the limbal-conjunctival autograft transplantation group and 9 recurrences (50%) in the control group were observed. We conclud that this was a successful method to prevent secondary recurrence in the management of recurrent pterygium patients under 40 years of age.

Limbal‐conjunctival autograft transplantation in cases with recurrent pterygium

Purpose To evaluate the effectiveness of a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) on pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (CME) and determine the efficacy when used preoperatively and after uneventful phacoemulsification surgery. Setting Department of Ophthalmology, Kocatepe University, School of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey. Methods One hundred seventy-nine eyes of 189 patients having uneventful phacoemulsification surgery were enrolled in the study. After surgery, all patients used topical steroids and antibiotics 4 times daily. Sixty-one eyes, chosen randomly, received a topical NSAID (indomethacin) 4 times daily for 3 days preoperatively and 1 month postoperatively. Sixty eyes received topical indomethacin 4 times daily for 1 month postoperatively. Fifty-eight eyes served as a control group and received only topical steroids and antibiotics. At the third postoperative month, visual acuity, fluorescein angiograms, and macular thresholds were evaluated. Statistical analysis was by chi-square and 1-way analysis of variance tests. Results Cystoid macular edema was not seen in the group receiving indomethacin preoperatively and postoperatively. The incidence of angiographic CME was 15.0% in the group receiving postoperative indomethacin and 32.8% in the control group (P Conclusion Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs decreased the incidence of CME, and their efficacy increased when begun preoperatively.

Preoperative topical indomethacin to prevent pseudophakic cystoid macular edema.

Purpose: To determine whether an intraoperative single dose of dexamethasone, diclofenac, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), a combination of EDTA and RGD peptide (arginine-glycin-aspartic acid sequence), or mitomycin-C (MMC) is a pharmacological means of preventing or reducing the development of posterior capsule opacification (PCO). Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, Celal Bayar University, School of Medicine, Manisa, and Department of Pathology, Dokur Eylul University, School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey. Methods: Fifty-four rabbits were randomly divided into 6 groups. Dexamethasone (4 mg/cc), diclofenac (2.5 mg/cc), EDTA (8 mg/cc), a combination of EDTA and RGD peptide (2.5 mg/cc), or MMC (0.04 mg/cc) was given, 0.1 cc by hydrodissection and 0.9 cc into the capsular bag after phacoemulsification. The sixth group served as a control group. After 3 months, the PCO was graded clinically and the proliferation of lens epithelial cells (LECs) was evaluated histologically. Results: The drugs were significantly effective in preventing PCO compared with the control ( P Conclusions: Intraoperative single-dose application of EDTA, EDTA+RGD peptide combination, and MMC significantly prevented the development of PCO in rabbit eyes. Diclofenac was less effective but also reduced PCO. Although dexamethasone did not prevent the proliferation of LECs, it decreased PCO clinically.

Prevention of posterior capsule opacification by intraoperative single-dose pharmacologic agents

Purpose: To evaluate surgically induced corneal astigmatism after small superotemporal and superonasal clear corneal incision cataract surgery. Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Afyon Kocatepe, Afyon, Turkey. Methods: This prospective study comprised 56 eyes of 28 patients who had bilateral phacoemulsification and implantation of a foldable intraocular lens (IOL) through a corneal tunnel incision. A superotemporal incision was used in all right eyes, and a superonasal incision was used in all left eyes. Topography was performed preoperatively and at 1 week, 1, 3, and 6 months, and 1 year. Surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) was calculated by vector analyses using the Holladay-Cravy-Koch method. The incision length was measured and was between 3.30 mm and 3.50 mm in all eyes. Results: Although SIA did not differ significantly between the 2 incision groups ( P >.05), decomposition of vectors showed that the horizontal component of SIA after superonasal incision was statistically significantly higher than superotemporal incision throughout the study ( P P >.05). Conclusion: There was no statistically significant difference in SIA between superotemporal incisions in the right eyes and superonasal incisions in the left eyes 1 year after surgery for a surgeon who sits at the 12 o'clock. Superonasal clear corneal incisions can be used in left eyes and superotemporal clear corneal incisions in right eyes.

Faruk Öztürk

Papers

Limbal‐conjunctival autograft transplantation in cases with recurrent pterygium

Preoperative topical indomethacin to prevent pseudophakic cystoid macular edema.

Prevention of posterior capsule opacification by intraoperative single-dose pharmacologic agents

Surgically induced astigmatism after superotemporal and superonasal clear corneal incisions in phacoemulsification

Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy without stents.