Cognitive radio has been considered as a key technology for future wireless communications and mobile computing. We note the cognitive radios can form cognitive radio networks (CRN) by extending the radio link features to network layer functions and above. We categorize CRN architecture into several structures and classify the unidirectional links in such structures, to pave the way for future systematic CRN research.

Cognitive radio network architecture: part I -- general structure

Scalable routing for wireless communication systems is a compelling and challenging task. To this aim, routing algorithms exploiting geographic information have been proposed. These algorithms refer to nodes by their location, rather than their address, and use those coordinates to route greedily towards a destination. With the advent of unmanned airborne vehicle (UAV) technology, a lot of research effort has been devoted to extend position-based packet routing proposals to three dimensional environments. In this context, Flying Ad-hoc Networks (FANETs), comprised of autonomous flying vehicles, pose several issues. This work focuses on the state-of-the-art, stateless geographic packet routing protocols conceived or adapted for three-dimensional network scenarios. Proposals are evaluated over a common scenario through a comprehensive comparative analysis.

A Comparison of Stateless Position-based Packet Routing Algorithms for FANETs

The objective of the smart helmet is to provide a means and apparatus for detecting and reporting accidents. Sensors, Wi-Fi enabled processor, and cloud computing infrastructures are utilised for building the system. The accident detection system communicates the accelerometer values to the processor which continuously monitors for erratic variations. When an accident occurs, the related details are sent to the emergency contacts by utilizing a cloud based service. The vehicle location is obtained by making use of the global positioning system. The system promises a reliable and quick delivery of information relating to the accident in real time and is appropriately named Konnect. Thus, by making use of the ubiquitous connectivity which is a salient feature for the smart cities, a smart helmet for accident detection is built.

Konnect: An Internet of Things(IoT) based smart helmet for accident detection and notification

Cognitive radios shall form cognitive radio network (CRN) to complete the packets delivery. As cognitive radio network is a general multihop wireless heterogeneous network, trust becomes a critical factor for network layer functions and network operation. We explore and develop the mathematical framework of trust in CRN, to further develop trusted routing with relevant explorations on network layer and above functions.

Cognitive radio network architecture: part II -- trusted network layer structure

The increasing number of on road vehicles has become a major cause for congestion, accidents and pollution. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) might be the key to achieve solutions that help in reducing these problems significantly. The connected vehicular networks stream is a rapidly growing field for research and development of various real-time applications. In this paper, novel techniques have been proposed to serve the speed based lane changing, collision avoidance and time of arrival (TOA) based localization in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs). As GPS requires clear line-of-sight for accurate services of positioning and localization applications, we designed a Time of Arrival (ToA) based algorithm for areas where strong GPS signals are unavailable. Collision avoidance using automatic braking and camera-based surveillance are a few other applications that we addressed. The feasibility and the viability of the algorithms were demonstrated through simulations in Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO) and Network Simulator-2 (NS-2). We prototyped a working hardware and tested it on actual vehicles to assess the effectiveness of the proposed system. We designed a mobile app interface for the on-board unit for smart, efficient and remote traffic monitoring. The integrated VANET Cloud Computing architecture acts as the platform for the proposed applications.

Smart vehicle monitoring and assistance using cloud computing in vehicular Ad Hoc networks

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is an infrastructureless, autonomous, and standalone network. A MANET can be flexibly and simply deployed in almost any environment, but it has limited wireless coverage and its connectivity is limited to the MANET boundary. The growth of the Internet and its services and applications ? and the trend in the fourth generation (4G) wireless networks toward All-IP networks ? have led to an increasing demand for enabling MANET nodes to connect to the Internet and use its services and applications. Mobile IP and IP micromobility protocols enable a mobile node to access the Internet and change its access point without losing the connection. The mobile node should be in the coverage range of the access point and should have a direct connection to it. So, with the cooperation between MANET routing protocols and the IP mobility protocol, Internet connectivity to MANET nodes can be achieved. Many solutions have been proposed to enable MANETs to connect to the Internet using IP mobility protocols. This article presents a survey of solutions for integrating MANETs with the Internet, with the intent of serving as a quick reference to current research proposals for Internet connectivity for mobile ad hoc networks based on IP mobility protocols. A qualitative comparison of the routing solutions for integration is presented. The limitations of these integration solutions are also investigated. A framework for integrating the Cellular IP access network and MANETs is introduced. This survey concludes with further points for investigation.

A survey of integrating IP mobility protocols and mobile ad hoc networks

In this paper, a new framework for vehicular accident management using wireless networks is proposed and discussed. We present integrated wireless network architecture for next generation all IP wireless networks which supports our framework. In this architecture we show that different wireless Networks can provide Internet access for moving vehicles. A new distributed system is developed to manage vehicle accidents (anywhere, anytime) such that it communicates accident information with traffic police department, hospital, and Insurance Company. The proposed system is implemented using a test bed. Then the results are discussed.

A framework for vehicular accident management using wireless networks

Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is kind of wireless networks architecture, which is an infrastructureless, autonomous, stand-alone network. Therefore, MANET can be flexibly and simply deployed in almost any environment. But it has a limited wireless coverage and limited connectivity that is exclusive to the MANET boundary. The growth of the Internet and its services and applications and the trend in fourth generation (4G) wireless networks toward full-IP networks, lead to an increasing demand for enabling MANET nodes to connect to Internet and use its services and applications. Mobile IP and IP micro-mobility protocols enable the mobile host to access Internet and change points of attachment without losing the connection. So, with the cooperation between MANET routing protocols and IP mobility protocol, Internet connectivity to MANET nodes can be achieved. In this paper, we propose integrated network architecture to extend the cellular IP access network to multiple MANETs. We also propose an integration routing protocol for connecting MANET to cellular IP Access network and Internet. The proposed protocol supports mobile nodes mobility between different MANETs.

Integrated routing protocol (IRP) for integration of cellular IP and mobile ad hoc networks

networking has significant potential to enable many different applications related to traffic safety and traffic efficiency within Intelligent Transportation System. In this paper, cloud-based vehicular network architecture is proposed such that the vehicles can share computation resources, storage resources and bandwidth resources. The proposed architecture includes four types of cloud: a vehicular cloud, a roadside cloud, a cellular cloud and a central cloud. Then, a video capture service based on the proposed architecture is presented. Vehicular cloud is used to provide a video capture service of specific location, moving vehicle or route. It sends the captured video to a customer and the other available cloud to be used for further investigation. Resource allocation and management algorithms are proposed to handle the continuity of video capture with minimum service disruption. The proposed service is implemented using a test bed.

/pdf/video-capture-service-in-the-intelligent-transportation-1xg1e0y8j6.pdf

Video Capture Service in the Intelligent Transportation System based on Cloud Computing

In this paper, a novel real-time video and data capture of vehicle accident is proposed in Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). The proposed scheme solves the problem of huge storage needed for recording vehicle accident in the smart vehicle and in the remote ITS server. It works efficiently with small amount of storage size and guarantee saving accident video in secondary storage. It enables user to capture real-time video and data of running vehicle. It enables user to get vehicle accident video and data anytime anywhere. The scheme is implemented using testbed and its performance is evaluated. The results show that the proposed scheme guarantees record the vehicle accident in the ITS server. The proposed scheme has better results in comparison with full time video recording scheme.

Fekri M. Abduljalil

Papers

A survey of integrating IP mobility protocols and mobile ad hoc networks

A framework for vehicular accident management using wireless networks

Integrated routing protocol (IRP) for integration of cellular IP and mobile ad hoc networks

Video Capture Service in the Intelligent Transportation System based on Cloud Computing

A Novel Real-Time Video and Data Capture of Vehicular Accident in Intelligent Transportation Systems