An Introduction to MultiAgent Systems.

This chapter discusses leading problems linked to energy that the world is now confronting and to propose some ideas concerning possible solutions. Oil deserves special attention among all energy sources. Since the beginning of 1981, it has merely been continuing and enhancing the downward movement in consumption and prices caused by excessive rises, especially for light crudes such as those from Africa, and the slowing down of worldwide economic growth. Densely-populated oil-producing countries need to produce to live, to pay for their food and their equipment. If the economic growth of the industrialized countries were to be 4%, even if investment in the rational use of energy were pushed to the limit and the development of nonpetroleum energy sources were also pursued actively, it would be extremely difficult to prevent a sharp rise in prices. It is evident that it is absolutely necessary to pursue actively the development of coal, natural gas, and nuclear power if a physical shortage of energy is not to block economic growth.

World energy outlook

Integrated modelling of variable renewable energy-based power supply in Europe

National pathways to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): A comparative review of scenario modelling tools

This paper analyses some possible means by which renewable power could be integrated into the steel manufacturing process, with techniques such as blast furnace gas recirculation (BF-GR), furnaces that utilize carbon capture, a higher share of electrical arc furnaces (EAFs) and the use of direct reduced iron with hydrogen as reduction agent (H-DR). It is demonstrated that these processes could lead to less dependence on—and ultimately complete independence from—coal. This opens the possibility of providing the steel industry with power and heat by coupling to renewable power generation (sector coupling). In this context, it is shown using the example of Germany that with these technologies, reductions of 47–95% of CO2 emissions against 1990 levels and 27–95% of primary energy demand against 2008 can be achieved through the integration of 12–274 TWh of renewable electrical power into the steel industry. Thereby, a substantial contribution to reducing CO2 emissions and fuel demand could be made (although it would fall short of realizing the German government’s target of a 50% reduction in power consumption by 2050).

https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/10/4/451/pdf

Power-to-Steel: Reducing CO2 through the Integration of Renewable Energy and Hydrogen into the German Steel Industry

The energy demand and supply projections of the Swiss government funded by the Swiss Federal Office of Energy and carried out by a consortium of institutes and consulting companies are based on two types of energy models: macroeconomic general equilibrium models and bottom-up models for each sector. While the macroeconomic models are used to deliver the economic, demographic and policy framework conditions as well as the macroeconomic impacts of particular scenarios, the bottom-up models simulate the technical developments in the final energy sectors and try to optimise electricity generation under the given boundary conditions of a particular scenario. This introductory article gives an overview of some of the energy models used in Switzerland and — more importantly — some insights into current advanced energy system modelling practice pointing to the characteristics of the two modelling types and their advantages and limitations.

/pdf/introduction-to-energy-systems-modelling-2m8rjlunyl.pdf

Introduction to Energy Systems Modelling

Welchen Beitrag kann die Steigerung der Energieeffizienz in der Industrie zur Energiewende in Deutschland leisten? Um diese Frage zu beantworten wird fur die energieintensiven Branchen, welche insgesamt etwa 70% des Energiebedarfs der Industrie ausmachen, eine modellgestutzte Analyse der vorhandenen Energieeffizienzpotenziale durchgefuhrt. Aufbauend hierauf werden je Branche Instrumente zur Umsetzung der berechneten Potenziale und zur Uberwindung der bestehenden Hemmnisse vorgeschlagen.

Felipe Andrés Toro

Papers

Introduction to Energy Systems Modelling

Energieverbrauch und CO2-Emissionen industrieller Prozesstechnologien : Einsparpotenziale, Hemmnisse und Instrumente

State of the art for alternative fuels and alternative automotive technologies