THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS. By Oscar Kempthorne. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1952. 631 pp. $8.50. This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for \"experimenters\") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment. It is necessary to have some facility with algebraic notation and manipulation to be able to use the volume intelligently. The problems are presented from the theoretical point of view, without such practical examples as would be helpful for those not acquainted with mathematics. The mathematical justification for the techniques is given. As a somewhat advanced treatment of the design and analysis of experiments, this volume will be interesting and helpful for many who approach statistics theoretically as well as practically. With emphasis on the \"why,\" and with description given broadly, the author relates the subject matter to the general theory of statistics and to the general problem of experimental inference. MARGARET J. ROBERTSON

The Design and Analysis of Experiments

Adsorption kinetic models: Physical meanings, applications, and solving methods.

Water hyacinth a potential source for value addition: An overview.

The separation of lignin from the black liquor generated during alkaline pulping is reviewed in this article with an emphasis on chemistry. Based on published accounts, the precipitation of lignin from spent pulping liquor by addition of acids can be understood based on dissociation equilibria of weak acid groups, which affects the solubility behavior of lignin-related chemical species. Solubility issues also govern lignin separation technologies based on ultrafiltration membranes; reduction in membrane permeability is often affected by conditions leading to decreased solubility of lignin decomposition products and the presence of colloidal matter. Advances in understanding of such phenomena have potential to enable higher-value uses of black liquor components, including biorefinery options, alternative ways to recover the chemicals used to cook pulp, and debottlenecking of kraft recovery processes.

https://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/BioRes/article/download/BioRes_14_1_Review_Hubbe_Lignin_Recovery_Spent_Alkaline_Pulping_Liquors/6973

Lignin recovery from spent alkaline pulping liquors using acidification, membrane separation, and related processing steps : A Review

Oil palm empty fruit bunch-based nanocellulose as a super-adsorbent for water remediation.

Pretreatment processes in second generation bioethanol production produce a lignin-based black liquor Polyaluminum chloride (PACl) was employed to treat black liquor using coagulation, in which the generated sludge was converted to a carbonaceous adsorbent The bioethanol black liquor sludge-based carbonaceous adsorbent (BBLS-CA) was characterized physically, and its adsorption mechanism, kinetics, and ability to absorb methylene blue (MB) were evaluated Additional studies revealed the performance of BBLS-CA to treat peat water and landfill leachate The results demonstrate that BBLS-CA decolorized a 100 mg/l solution of MB by 98% within 30 min MB components reclaimed from BBLS-CA reveal the presence of NH2, substituted and p-disubstituted benzene rings, and =CH2, suggesting that physical and chemical mechanisms are operative during adsorption Isotherm analysis reveals that adsorption equilibrium followed the Langmuir model and exhibited pseudo second-order kinetic behavior BBLS-CA adsorbed 100% iron and manganese; and remediated 72% color and 67% COD in peat water, as well as 57% COD in landfill leachate This report highlights a by-product from black liquor sludge that can be applied to the removal of wastewater pollutants Further, the development of method is required to obtain activated carbon which fulfills standard properties of activated carbon

Mechanism, adsorption kinetics and applications of carbonaceous adsorbents derived from black liquor sludge

F. Amriani,a,b,* F. A. Salim,b I. Iskandinata,b D. Khumsupan,c and Z. Bartad aIndonesian Institute of Sciences, Research Center for Chemistry, Kawasan Puspiptek Serpong 15314, Indonesia bDepartment of Chemical Engineering University of North Sumatera Padang Bulan, Medan 20155, Indonesia cThe Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Center of Excellence for Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand dDepartment of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest 1111, Hungary

/pdf/physical-and-biophysical-pretreatment-of-water-hyacinth-29kcnijhae.pdf

Physical and Biophysical Pretreatment of Water Hyacinth Biomass for Cellulase Enzyme Production

Activated Carbon from Lignin-based Black Liquor Coagulated by Polyaluminium Chloride

The magnetic nanoparticles of natural mineral-iron sand based Magnetite (Fe3O4) have been successfully prepared as the adsorbent for Ni ion adsorption purpose. The Fe3O4 was prepared by using co-precipitation method at the various synthesis temperatures, 70, 90, and 110 °C. The surface area decreases as the increasing of synthesis temperature, meanwhile, the particle diameter and pore size increase. The optimum magnetic properties are obtained at 70 °C by 56.74 Oe for the coercivity, 38.40 emu/g for the saturation and 3.04 emu/g for the remanence. In addition, the maximum adsorption capacity toward Ni ion is 786.56 mg/g at the optimum condition as well as 55.96% Ni ion removal efficieny.

The evaluation of temperature in synthesizing process of natural iron sand based Fe3O4 nanoparticles for Ni ion adsorption

Bioethanol second generation (G-2) production process generated black liquor that need to treat before the disposal to prevent environmental pollution. Usually, coagulation technology using polyaluminium chloride was employed to precipitate dissolved lignin and intended to decolorize black liquor. However, this single work is not effective to treat black liquor, so that it requires another work to treat remain brownish liquor. Isolated fungal strain from Japan Trametes versicolor U 80 and Phanerochaete chrysosporium are white rot fungi that are known in ligninolytic enzymes secretion to biodegrade soluble lignin. Decolorization of black and brownish liquor is an indicator of fungi works since lignin is known as the colour agent in liquor colouration. This work evaluated black and brownish liquor decolorization using both fungi that correspond to fungal growth. Liquor toxicity was observed based on mycelial dry weight after 30 days incubation as the presumption of the connection of fungal growth and decolo...

Feni Amriani

Papers

Mechanism, adsorption kinetics and applications of carbonaceous adsorbents derived from black liquor sludge

Physical and Biophysical Pretreatment of Water Hyacinth Biomass for Cellulase Enzyme Production

Activated Carbon from Lignin-based Black Liquor Coagulated by Polyaluminium Chloride

The evaluation of temperature in synthesizing process of natural iron sand based Fe3O4 nanoparticles for Ni ion adsorption

Evaluation of lignin-based black liquor decolorization by Trametes versicolor U 80