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Using Multivariate Statistics

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.2307%2F3343168.pdf

Development as Freedom

The extent to which loneliness is a unique risk factor for depressive symptoms was determined in 2 population-based studies of middle-aged to older adults, and the possible causal influences between loneliness and depressive symptoms were examined longitudinally in the 2nd study. In Study 1, a nationally representative sample of persons aged 54 and older completed a telephone interview as part of a study of health and aging. Higher levels of loneliness were associated with more depressive symptoms, net of the effects of age, gender, ethnicity, education, income, marital status, social support, and perceived stress. In Study 2, detailed measures of loneliness, social support, perceived stress, hostility, and demographic characteristics were collected over a 3-year period from a population-based sample of adults ages 50-67 years from Cook County, Illinois. Loneliness was again associated with more depressive symptoms, net of demographic covariates, marital status, social support, hostility, and perceived stress. Latent variable growth models revealed reciprocal influences over time between loneliness and depressive symptomatology. These data suggest that loneliness and depressive symptomatology can act in a synergistic effect to diminish well-being in middle-aged and older adults.

Loneliness as a specific risk factor for depressive symptoms: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses.

Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine

The AUDIT Alcohol Consumption Questions (AUDIT-C) An Effective Brief Screening Test for Problem Drinking

Loneliness and social isolation, particularly in the older adult, have been shown to influence psychosocial well-being. Loneliness has been related to chronic illness and self-rated health in older adults, and researchers suggest there is an important relationship between loneliness and psychological well-being in older adults particularly in the area of depression. This study investigated relationships between loneliness, health, and depression in 217 older men (> 65 years). Participants completed self-report measures of loneliness, social support, depression, and physical health. Regression analysis showed that a diagnosis of illness or disability was unrelated to depression, however self-reported health was associated with depression, with those reporting poorer health experiencing greater depression. Social support variables were unrelated to depression. The most significant relationship to depression was that of loneliness, with lonelier men reporting higher scores on the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Although research suggests that depression is often a response to declining health and functional impairment in the older adult, the present findings suggest that social isolation may also influence the experience of depression. Age-related losses such as loss of professional identity, physical mobility and the inevitable loss of family and friends can affect a person's ability to maintain relationships and independence, which in turn may lead to a higher incidence of depressive symptoms.

Loneliness, health and depression in older males.

Objectives: To use an ecological model of ageing (Berkman, Glass, Brissette, & Seeman, 2000) which includes upstream social context factors and downstream social support factors to examine the effects of social networks on health. Method: Postal survey responses from a representative population sample of New Zealanders aged 55 to 70 years (N = 6,662). Results: Correlations and multiple regression analyses provided support for a model in which social context contributes to social network type, which affects perceived social support and loneliness, and consequent mental and physical health. Ethnicity was related to social networks and health but this was largely accounted for by other contextual variables measuring socioeconomic status. Gender and age were also significant variables in the model. Discussion: Social network type is a useful way to assess social integration within this model of cascading effects. More detailed information could be gained through the development of our network assessment instr...

The Effects of Types of Social Networks, Perceived Social Support, and Loneliness on the Health of Older People: Accounting for the Social Context

The technology acceptance model and use of technology in New Zealand dairy farming

Purpose There is support for the role of Internet use in promoting well-being among older people. However, there are also contradictory findings which may be attributed to methodological issues. First, research has focused on frequency of online activity rather than how engagement in different types of online activities may influence well-being. Secondly, previous studies have used either cross-sectional designs, which cannot elucidate causality or intervention designs with uncontrolled extraneous variables. In this longitudinal observational study, we test the indirect impact of online engagement for social, informational, and instrumental purposes on older adults' well-being via reducing loneliness and supporting social engagement. Design and method A population sample of 1,165 adults aged 60-77 (M = 68.22, SD = 4.42; 52.4% female) was surveyed over 3 waves. Using longitudinal mediation analysis with demographic controls, the indirect effects of types of Internet use on well-being through loneliness and social engagement were estimated. Results Participants engaged online for 3 purposes: social (e.g., connecting with friends/family), instrumental (e.g., banking), and informational (e.g., reading health-related information). Social use indirectly impacted well-being via decreased loneliness and increased social engagement. Informational and instrumental uses indirectly impacted well-being through engagement in a wider range of activities; however, were unrelated to loneliness. Implications Findings highlight that Internet use can support older adults' well-being; however, not every form of engagement impacts well-being the same way. These findings will inform the focus of interventions which aim to promote well-being.

Longitudinal Analysis of the Relationship Between Purposes of Internet Use and Well-being Among Older Adults

Cross-sectional and retrospective research has identified a reliable relationship between preretirement planning and later-life well-being. Although it seems intuitive that retirement planning lead...

Fiona Alpass

Papers

Loneliness, health and depression in older males.

The Effects of Types of Social Networks, Perceived Social Support, and Loneliness on the Health of Older People: Accounting for the Social Context

The technology acceptance model and use of technology in New Zealand dairy farming

Longitudinal Analysis of the Relationship Between Purposes of Internet Use and Well-being Among Older Adults

Preretirement Planning and Well-Being in Later Life: A Prospective Study