Enzyme-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers: Classification, synthesis, functionalization and potential applications

Correspondence: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 coated nanoparticles containing respiratory masks, chewing gums and nasal filters may be used for protection against COVID-19 infection.

Armoring bio-catalysis via structural and functional coordination between nanostructured materials and lipases for tailored applications.

The COVID-19 pandemic is currently an unprecedented public health threat. The rapid spread of infections has led to calls for alternative approaches to combat the virus. Nanotechnology is taking root against SARS-CoV-2 through prevention, diagnostics and treatment of infections. In light of the escalating demand for managing the pandemic, a comprehensive review that highlights the role of nanomaterials in the response to the pandemic is highly desirable. This review article comprehensively discusses the use of nanotechnology for COVID-19 based on three main categories: prevention, diagnostics and treatment. We first highlight the use of various nanomaterials including metal nanoparticles, carbon-based nanoparticles and magnetic nanoparticles for COVID-19. We critically review the benefits of nanomaterials along with their applications in personal protective equipment, vaccine development, diagnostic device fabrication and therapeutic approaches. The remaining key challenges and future directions of nanomaterials for COVID-19 are briefly discussed. This review is very informative and helpful in providing guidance for developing nanomaterial-based products to fight against COVID-19.

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/7/1788/pdf

Recent Progress in Nanotechnology for COVID-19 Prevention, Diagnostics and Treatment.

Enzyme immobilization has been accepted as a powerful technique to solve the drawbacks of free enzymes such as limited activity, stability and recyclability under harsh conditions. Different from the conventional immobilization methods, enzyme immobilization in inorganic hybrid nanoflowers was executed in a biomimetic mineralization manner with the advantages of mild reaction conditions, and thus it was beneficial to obtain ideal biocatalysts with superior characteristics. The key factors influencing the formation of enzyme-based inorganic hybrid nanoflowers were elucidated to obtain a deeper insight into the mechanism for achieving unique morphology and improved properties of immobilized enzymes. To date, immobilized enzymes in inorganic hybrid nanoflowers have been successfully applied in biocatalysis for preparing medical intermediates, biodiesel and biomedical polymers, and solving the environmental or food industrial issues such as the degradation of toxic dyes, pollutants and allergenic proteins. Moreover, they could be used in the development of various biosensors, which provide a promising platform to detect toxic substances in the environment or biomarkers associated with various diseases. We hope that this review will promote the fundamental research and wide applications of immobilized enzymes in inorganic hybrid nanoflowers for expanding biocatalysis and biosensing.

Immobilized enzymes in inorganic hybrid nanoflowers for biocatalytic and biosensing applications

Synthesis and characterization of a triple enzyme-inorganic hybrid nanoflower (TrpE@ihNF) as a combination of three pancreatic digestive enzymes amylase, protease and lipase.

Firdevs Gecili

Papers

Synthesis and characterization of a triple enzyme-inorganic hybrid nanoflower (TrpE@ihNF) as a combination of three pancreatic digestive enzymes amylase, protease and lipase.