Social Learning and Clinical Psychology.

Machines are increasingly doing “intelligent” things. Face recognition algorithms use a large dataset of photos labeled as having a face or not to estimate a function that predicts the pre...

https://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1257/jep.31.2.87

Machine Learning: An Applied Econometric Approach

for higher education in Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and Sweden, inequality rates for most other countries were largely stable or even increased—a conclusion that is consistent with the maximally maintained inequality (MMI) thesis. The direct and indirect effects of private funding tend to cancel each other out. They therefore conclude that there is probably more inclusion and less diversion under school expansion. The edited volume offers a good representation of the fourth generation of comparative stratification research that seeks to elucidate the extent to which organizational variation across countries affects intergenerational mobility and educational attainment. The detailed information about inequality of higher education in individual countries would be invaluable to comparative researchers with similar interests. However, without taking a truly comparative design, some of the findings are suggestive at best. Furthermore, without controlling for the importance of public examination results, high-school GPA, and/or class ranks, the stated effects of social origin may have been exaggerated. In fact, the inclusion of qualifying examination results and/or high school GPA in Australia, Switzerland, and the United States dramatically reduces the direct effects of social origin to non-significance. The lack of school career data in many countries may also limit our understanding of the dynamics of higher education and underestimate the relative success of certain non-traditional routes. One key feature of advanced industrial economies is the prolonged and protracted paths in educational trajectories during emergent adulthood, where the old rigid educational tracks have gradually dissolved and movements between school and work are becoming more common. It is unclear how variation of such flexibility across countries would affect educational inequality. Nonetheless, it is hopeful that building on current findings, future works that explore these issues would certainly enhance our understanding of the dynamic role of the family and how institutional arrangements (isomorphism and differentiation) condition inequality outcomes. INTIMATE RELATIONSHIPS, FAMILY, AND LIFE COURSE

Hooking Up: Sex, Dating, and Relationships on Campus

The significance of financial self-efficacy in explaining women’s personal finance behaviour

Sjaastad (1962) viewed migration in the same way as education: as an investment in the human agent. Migration and education are decisions that are indeed intertwined in many dimensions. Education and skill acquisition play an important role at many stages of an individual's migration. Differential returns to skills in origin and destination country are a main driver of migration. The economic success of the immigrant in the destination country is to a large extent determined by his or her educational background, how transferable these skills are to the host country labor market and how much he or she invests in further skills after arrival. The desire to acquire skills in the host country that have a high return in the country of origin may be another important reason for a migration. From an intertemporal point of view, the possibility of a later migration may affect educational decisions in the home country long before a migration is realized. In addition, the decisions of migrants regarding their own educational investment and their expectations about future migration plans may affect the educational attainment of their children. But migration and education are not only related for those who migrate or their descendants. Migrations of some individuals may have consequences for educational decisions of those who do not migrate, both in the home and in the host country. By easing credit constraints through remittances, migration of some may help others to go to school. By changing the skill base of the receiving country, migration may change incentives to invest in certain types of human capital. In addition, migrants and their children may create externalities that influence educational outcomes of nonmigrants in the destination country. This chapter will discuss some of the key areas that connect migration and education.

/pdf/migration-and-education-ksmtc8g7xg.pdf

Migration and Education

Since the late 1980s, the United States has witnessed a dramatic increase in average BMI levels and the proportion of individuals categorized as obese. Obesity is a major risk factor for a variety of illnesses, and an increase in obesity is, therefore, implicated in increased health-care costs in the United States. These ultimately translate to a major health and economic problem for the United States. The present analysis examines a pathway to increased levels of obesity as of yet almost entirely unexplored. Specifically, we examine the relationship between obesity and iron deficiency via analyses of blood samples. The current analysis employs public-use data files from the continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (1999–2006) survey to determine the relationship between obesity and an individual's iron blood content. Results suggest a negative relationship between levels of iron blood content and individual BMI after controlling for other individual characteristics. These results hold for nearly all eight panels tested in the ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions.

Iron and obesity in females in the United States.

In the developed world, the hazards associated with obesity have largely outstripped the risk of starvation. Obesity remains a difficult public health issue to address, due in large part to the many disciplines involved. A full understanding requires knowledge in the fields of genetics, endocrinology, psychology, sociology, economics, and public policy – among others. In this short review, which serves as an introduction to the Frontiers in Endocrinology research topic, we address one cross-disciplinary relationship: the interaction between the hunger/satiation neural circuitry, an individual’s perceived locus of control, and the risk for obesity. Mammals have evolved a complex system for modulating energy intake. Overlaid on this, in humans, there exists a wide variation in “perceived locus of control” – that is, the extent to which an individual believes to be in charge of the events that affect them. Whether one has primarily an internal or external locus of control itself affects, and is affected by, external and physiological factors and has been correlated with the risk for obesity. Thus, the path from hunger and satiation to an individual’s actual behavior may often be moderated by psychological factors, included among which is locus of control.

/pdf/locus-of-control-and-obesity-1tii0u3yut.pdf

Locus of control and obesity.

Recent changes in public school educational finance in the state of Kansas are shown to have had little positive effect on student educational achievement. A differences structure is used to determine the effect of changes in revenue per student at the district level on changes in measures of student achievement. Measures of achievement employed in the analysis are student test scores in math and reading, as well as various measures of student persistence in schooling.

Florence Neymotin

Papers

Iron and obesity in females in the United States.

Locus of control and obesity.

The Relationship between School Funding and Student Achievement in Kansas Public Schools

Immigration and Its Effect on the College-Going Outcomes of Natives.

Linking self-esteem with the tendency to engage in financial planning