Owing to the arching effect caused by stress transfer, the lateral pressure of confined granular material will be influenced by both the wall movement and the confined material width. In this paper, the lateral pressure of confined granular material is studied through the numerical and theoretical analysis. Discrete element-based numerical simulations of different widths are conducted to model the transition of the resultant lateral force. Based on numerical results, an analytical model for estimating the lateral pressure at limit state is proposed by the use of the horizontal slice element method. Moreover, the mobilization models of the granule–wall interface friction angle and the internal friction angle of the granular material are introduced to yield the lateral pressure at nonlimit state. Both numerical and theoretical results indicate that the transition of the lateral pressure can be divided into two stages based on the magnitudes of wall movements, at which the interface friction angle and internal friction angle are fully mobilized. For models with smaller width, the pressure decreases more rapidly in the first stage and eventually reaches smaller lateral pressure at active state, because the vertical stress of the material is transferred to the walls and the stress in the material is redistributed due to the superimposition of the arching effects.

Arching effect on lateral pressure of confined granular material: numerical and theoretical analysis

https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/files/77805500/SOILDYN_2017_44_Revision_1_V0.pdf

A finite element performance-based approach to correlate movement of a rigid retaining wall with seismic earth pressure

Three-dimensional active earth pressure coefficients by upper bound numerical limit analysis

The presences of tension cracks and pore-water pressure will reduce the stability of a soil-wall system. This study develops a kinematical approach to analyze how the active earth thrust is influenced by tension cracks and pore-water pressure, using the powerlaw nonlinear yield criterion. Although many cracks may be present in the backfill, this paper only involves one crack which leads to the most unfavorable effect. The influence of pore-water pressure is also considered using the concept of pore-water pressure coefficient. The power-law yield criterion is adopted characterize the soil strength, and the generalized tangential technique is introduced to realize the transition to the conventional linear problem. An objective function for the active earth thrust is derived from the equilibrium of rates of work and energy. Numerical results are determined from a maximization programming. By comparing with the available solution, the presented solution is validated. The results show that the presence of cracks has an unfavorable influence of increasing the active earth thrust, and this effect is even more obvious when the impact of seepage pressure is considered.

Active Earth Thrust Considering Tension Crack, Pore-water Pressure and Soil Nonlinearity

Behavior of closely spaced double-pile-supported jacket foundations for offshore wind energy converters

Numerical modeling of three-dimensional active earth pressure acting on rigid walls

Offshore wind energy converters (OWECs) offer a huge potential for the expansion of renewable energy in Germany In water depths of more than 30 m, tripod or jacket foundation structures will probably be used for the support of the tower For these structures, driven steel piles are used as foundation elements Design methods for axial loading of piles are given and discussed with respect to the soil conditions in the North and Baltic Seas and the loading conditions of OWECs Also, the effect of interaction of axial and lateral forces is investigated and quantified by means of numerical modeling This paper summarizes the state of knowledge for the design of offshore piles and gives hints for its application to the special loading conditions of piles for offshore wind energy foundation structures in the German offshore regions

Florian tom Wörden

Papers

Numerical modeling of three-dimensional active earth pressure acting on rigid walls

Geotechnical Design of Piles supporting Foundation Structures for Offshore Wind Energy Converters