INTRODUCTION The present study aimed to perform a systematic review of instruments for evaluating the executive functions (EFs) in a pediatric population to assess their measurement properties, focusing on the professional who administers it. AREA COVERED A systematic search of the literature was performed on Cinahl, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science and Medline to identify studies in which an instrument for evaluating the EFs was described. Included only were the papers reporting the evaluation of EFs, with any instrument, on a population aged 0 to 18 consisting of healthy individuals or people with neurodevelopmental disorder. The evaluation of the Risk of Bias has been carried out with the administration of a part of the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) Checklist. EXPERT OPINION The search ended on the 2nd of August. Only 19 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the study; the papers refer to 16 different evaluation tools of the EF. Analysis of the methodological quality shows that most of the papers assessed received an 'inadequate' or 'insufficient' score. Indeed, only two articles received six or five 'sufficient' out of 8 items; instead, ten papers received one or zero 'sufficient.'

Evaluation instruments for executive functions in children and adolescents: a systematic review.

Summary Background Pneumonia is a major complication leading to death after stroke. The risk factors of pneumonia in convalescent patients who have experienced stroke remain poorly defined. Methods To identify the risk factors of pneumonia, we applied logistic regression as a statistical method using SPSS23.0 statistical software, based on a sample of 380 patients. And statistical description method was used to analyze pathogens’ characteristics and drug resistance. Results Ultimately, the obtained logistic model has statistical significance (χ2(13) = 91.560, P Conclusions The lower BI scores, basic lung diseases, trachea ventilation, tube feeding, and hypoproteinemia are independent risk factors of pneumonia among convalescent patients with stroke. The main pathogens that caused pneumonia were gram-negative bacteria, and such organisms have different degrees of resistance to drugs.

Risk factors and pathogenic microorganism characteristics for pneumonia in convalescent patients with stroke: A retrospective study of 380 patients from a rehabilitation hospital.

Introduction Individuals with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) showed significant longer-term psychological sequelae, due to persistent disability In recent years, great advances have been made in medical care for patients with GBS However, the focus has been mainly on patient care in the acute phase and improving survival instead of long-term disability The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of rehabilitation in people with GBS through a systematic review of randomized controlled trials Area covered PRISMA guidelines were used to perform this systematic review Six bibliographic databases were searched: PUBMED, WEB OF SCIENCE, PEDro, CINHAL, PSYCHINFO, and SCOPUS Papers included in the systematic review should have a search design of a randomized controlled trial The quality of the clinical trials included was evaluated according to Jadad score Expert opinion After eliminating duplicates, 472 records got screened, three RCTs were included in the systematic review Overall, the analysis of the three randomized controlled trials showed that various types of rehabilitation interventions are correlated to an improvement in the patient's well-being Finally, it is not possible to extrapolate definite conclusions on the effectiveness of rehabilitation treatment in patients with GBS Therefore, high-quality future studies are needed to confirm these hypotheses

The efficacy of rehabilitation in people with Guillain-Barrè syndrome: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

Psychometric study. The aim of this study was to evaluate the internal consistency and validity of the Community Integration Questionnaire – Revised (CIQ-R) in Italian individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Patients’ associations, foundations, sport clubs, and federations in Italy. The psychometric properties were evaluated following international guidelines. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha (α) coefficient, and test-retest reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC); concurrent validity was assessed through Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient with the Short Form-12 health survey (SF-12). The test was administered to 80 people with SCI. Cronbach’s α showed a value of 0.825 for the Home Integration subscale, while the other subscales and the total showed values <0.70. 30 of the 80 recruited individuals were submitted to test-retest, which showed ICC values ranging from 0.94 to 1. CIQ-R also showed a correlation between Physical Component Summary (PCS12) of the SF-12, and between Social Integration subscale’s score and PCS12 and Mental Component Summary (MCS12). Correlations are also shown between Productivity subscale and PCS12 and MCS12, as well as between the total score and PCS12 and MCS12. This study provided Italian clinicians and researchers with the first international outcome measure for measuring community integration. The validation of this measurement tool for people with SCI allows to compare outcomes of various studies. It is useful for testing the effectiveness of a treatment in various diseases and define which treatment is more effective than others. 

Psychometric properties of the Community Integration Questionnaire – Revised (CIQ-R) in an Italian population with spinal cord injury

Spinal appearance questionnaire: Italian cross-cultural adaptation and validation

The objective of this study was to assess and validate the psychometric properties of the Italian culturally adapted Barthel Index (IcaBI) in a cohort of people with ischemic stroke. The validation process was conducted in an Italian cohort of 99 stroke inpatients to whom the IcaBI was administered in order to test its structural validity, and inter-and intrarater reliability. The internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was 0.901. Factor analysis revealed a two-factor structure. The interclass correlation coefficient 3,1 (ICC) for intra-rater reliability was estimated at 0.987 (95% CI: 0.975-0.993), while the ICC for inter-rater reliability was 0.909 (95% CI: 0.852-0.948). This study demonstrates the psychometric properties of the IcaBI in an Italian stroke population, and therefore shows that the scale can be considered a valid and reliable assessment tool for measuring functional disability in Italian acute ischemic stroke survivors.

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Papers

Evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Barthel Index in an Italian ischemic stroke population in the acute phase: a cross-sectional study.