A method and apparatus for allocating subcarriers in an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system is described. In one embodiment, the method comprises allocating at least one diversity cluster of subcarriers to a first subscriber and allocating at least one coherence cluster to a second subscriber.

Ofdma with adaptive subcarrier-cluster configuration and selective loading

Methods and apparatus for aggregating IP packets over an access link between a wireless access router and a core node and for managing resource allocation to access link packet aggregates, e.g., as a function of the status of wireless communications links used to couple mobile nodes to the access router are described. Improved aggregate resource control messages and use of such messages are described. Some of the new messages allow aggregate resources for both upstream and downstream aggregates to be controlled in a single message. A single message may include information corresponding to multiple aggregates and/or multiple constituent flows included in an aggregate with aggregate direction information being included. Use of tunnels to communicate management messages, e.g., messages used to control resource allocation to aggregates is also described. Propagation of access link aggregate information is communicated to tunnel end nodes which generate packets that are communicated over the access link.

Messages and control methods for controlling resource allocation and flow admission control in a mobile communications system

A toner suitable for use in an image forming method including a contact charging step is provided. The toner includes: toner particles comprising at least a binder resin and a colorant, and fine particles. The fine particles comprise: (i) a tungsten-containing tin oxide, or (ii) base particles, and a tungsten-containing tin compound coating the base particles, the fine particles contain tin (Sn) in a weight ratio (Sn/b) of 0.01 to 2.0 with respect to the base particles (B). In the fine particles, tungsten (W) is contained in a mol ratio (W/Sn) of 0.001 to 0.3 with respect to the tin (Sn).

Toner and image forming method

A device for identifying an emergency call in a wireless local area network includes an indicator to identify a call as an emergency call. The indicator can be a bit flag or an information element. The information element can include location information regarding the location of the station that placed the emergency call. This information can be used to locate the caller. The location information can be transmitted from the station to an access point separately from an emergency call.

Supporting emergency calls on a wireless local area network

Multi-carrier communications with adaptive cluster configuration and switching

A method for allocating traffic between multiple carriers in a wireless communications system measures loading on the communication system and selects an appropriate carrier from multiple carriers, based upon the loading measured. A first carrier is selected if the load on the first carrier is lower than or equal to the lowest loading of any supplemental carrier among the multiple carriers. If the load on the first carrier is not lower, then the subscriber may be assigned either to a supplemental carrier or the first carrier. The carrier assignment of the subscriber depends upon a predetermined threshold, which preferably considers actual or estimated differential interference between the first carrier and the supplemental carrier.

Enhanced channel allocation among multiple carriers in a spread spectrum communications system

A high priority and/or emergency overload access control system treats a wireless unit as a higher priority wireless unit when the wireless unit is attempting to access a wireless communications system with a high priority call, such as an emergency call. For example, the overload access control system can recognize if the wireless unit is attempting to initiate a call to an emergency number. If so, the wireless unit can perform a persistence test as an emergency class (e.g. overload class 10-15) wireless unit in attempting to access the wireless communications system. Thus, the wireless unit will experience an increased probability of passing the persistence test and thereby reducing the persistence delay in attempting to access the wireless communications system with the emergency call.

High priority and/or emergency overload access control system

A method of wireless communication over the reverse link. The method may include evaluating a reverse link loading. This evaluation step may involve examining at least two resources associated with reverse link loading within a first time period. Thereafter, a message is broadcast containing information regarding the availability of resources. This message is generated in response to the evaluated reverse link loading. This availability of resources message may correspond with an overload condition, increasing a number of active connections, decreasing the number of active connections, increasing an available transmit rate, maintaining the available transmit rate and/or decreasing the available transmit rate. In one example, the availability of resources message comprises a reverse activity bit.

Method of controlling overload over the reverse link

A method for determining the reverse link data Rate Limit for mobile stations active on the reverse link of a High Data Rate system is disclosed. In the ideal case, the Rate Limit is based on only the number of mobile stations located in a common sector that are actually active on the reverse link. Currently, the Rate Limit is determined from the total number of mobile stations in a common sector where the total includes mobiles that are transmitting and receiving. Thus, the current method includes mobile stations that are active on the forward link and may not be active on the reverse link. In this invention, a more optimum method of estimating the reverse link loading is obtained from calculations which includes only the mobile stations which are active on the reverse link. An estimate of the reverse link loading of the mobile stations in a common cell is obtained by adding together the data rates of the data sent from each mobile in a common sector during a common frame. This aggregate rate of data during the frame is filtered to minimize irregularities by using the moving average of an infinite impulse response filter and then normalized. The normalized result is a percentage of the maximum achievable aggregate reverse link rate. The final result is compared with a set of threshold values to obtain the maximum Rate Limit that is then set for each mobile station.

Dynamic reverse link rate limit algorithm for high data rate system

The present invention is a method for selectively providing, on demand, a Quality of Service level to an end user's data transmitted from a base station to a mobile station of a High Data Rate system In the disclosed method, a data base is established which contains the Quality of Service level selected by a mobile user from a plurality of levels for data to be transmitted from the base station to the mobile station Using the reverse link, an end user at a mobile notifies the base station that it is ready to receive data and specifies the rate at which the data is to be sent Upon receipt of the request for data from the mobile terminal, the base station accesses and runs a scheduler which determines which user's data is to be transmitted next For each end user, the scheduler divides the requested data rate by the average rate of data received by the mobile during a specific interval and then combines by adding or multiplying the result with the Quality of Service level requested by the end user for data The end user that has the greatest final result is normally selected to next receive data The scheduler then conditions the base station to transmit data to the identified mobile station at the requested rate and selected Quality of Service level

Frances Jiang

Papers

Enhanced channel allocation among multiple carriers in a spread spectrum communications system

High priority and/or emergency overload access control system

Method of controlling overload over the reverse link

Dynamic reverse link rate limit algorithm for high data rate system

Method of scheduling a quality of service level in a high data rate system