AbstractPROF. GORDON CHILDE has a sense of perspective in time, which has been developed to a degree exceptional even among archaeologists, who juggle with millennia; and he is little more restricted in space, for he ranges from the north of Scotland to the Valley of the Indus with a familiarity which few may emulate. He is, therefore, in a position to recommend with confidence the study of archaeology as an antidote to those modern pessimists, who are disposed to doubt the soundness of the foundations upon which the belief in ‘progress', inherited from the late nineteenth century, takes its stand. Neither ‘age’, nor century, he argues, and equally no single area marked out by geographical or national limitations, can afford material adequate for such a judgment. The impartial inquirer must survey all time, and take the whole world as his province, before he ventures to pronounce upon the trend of events in present-day civilization .Man makes Himself
 By V. Gordon Childe. (The Library of Science and Culture.) Pp. xii + 275. (London: Watts and Co., 1936.) 7s. 6d. net.

"Man Makes Himself" by

The American Medical Association.

A NEW book by Mr. Udny Yule is a statistical event which, though of great rarity, is all the more welcome when it occurs. This, however, is not a formal treatment of a subject which has already shaken down into definite lines of development, or even a systematic introduction to such a subject. Rather is it an account in volume form of Mr. Yule's incursion into a novel and interesting field of research. The Statistical Study of Literary Vocabulary By G. Udny Yule. Pp. ix + 306. (Cambridge: At the University Press, 1944.) 25s. net.

The Statistical Study of Literary Vocabulary

THIS study by Prof. Simmons of the treatment of the aged collects into a single volume, from a number of sources widely distributed in geography and representing varying types and stages oreulture, a very large assortment of examples of the way in which old age is treated by primitive peoples. The author states in his introductory matter that a preliminary analysis of his comparative material revealed significant contrasts on the basis of sex, and that marked difference in the treatment of the aged appeared to be correlated to varying factors in the environment, economics, kinship system, or religion of the group treated. Correlations between the physical and cultural traits described, and the environmental or other circumstances apparently determining or affecting them, are examined accordingly, and an analysis is made of the traits examined: the relative importance of each trait in its culture setting is estimated and the results indicated by a coefficient of plus or minus to two decimal points. The Role of the Aged in Primitive Society By Prof. Leo W. Simmons. Pp. viii + 317. (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press; London: Oxford University Press, 1945.) 26s. 6d. net.

The Role of the Aged in Primitive Society

IN the preface of this work, the author tells us that he “has tried to develop a philosophical interpretation of quantum physics which is free from metaphysics”; a somewhat puzzling sentence, since much of has treatment might properly be described as metaphysical, in the traditional meaning of the word. No doubt what is meant is that the book is concerned only with the epistemological side of metaphysics, and leaves ontology out of account; an attitude which will be widely approved, in a book designed primarily for the edification of physicists. Philosophic Foundations of Quantum Mechanics By Prof. Hans Reichenbach. Pp. x + 182. (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press; London: Cambridge University Press, 1944.) 3 dollars.

Philosophic Foundations of Quantum Mechanics

THE latest Critical Bibliography to appear was the sixty-ninth which was published in Isis, 36, 170-248, 1946, but bibliography no. 59 which was to be included in no. 86 of Isis (vol. 32, 2) has not yet appeared, because the German invasion of Belgium stopped the publication of vol. 32 (part I of that volume, no. 85, has appeared in 1947; part 2, no. 86, will appear, we hope, before the end of the same year). This seventieth bibliography contains about 1350 items. They have been kindly contributed by the fourteen following scholars: C. W. ADAMS (London) I. B. COHEN (Cambridge, Mass.) T. L. DAVIS (Norwell, Mass.) MARK GRAUBARD (Chicago) MORTIMER GRAVES (Washington, D. C.) EDWARD KENNEDY (Beirut) C. A. KOFOID (Berkeley, Cal.) GINO LORIA (Genoa) M. F. A. MONTAGU (Philadelphia) J. PELSENEER (Brussels) GEORGE SARTON (Cambridge, Mass.) A. E. WALLER (Columbus, Ohio) M. E. WEEKS (Detroit) CONWAY ZIRKLE (Philadelphia) This bibliography is very long, because it contains the accumulated notes of more than a year, but we shall resume the habit of publishing our Critical Bibliography twice a year. The general plan of this bibliography was explained in vol. 36, p. 22-23. The method of classification was devised to satisfy the needs of historians of science in general, rather than those of historians of particular sciences. For example, a student of the history of physiology will find only a few of the physiological items under the heading 36. Physiology. Studies devoted to definite physiologists would be found in the chronological section of part I, and those devoted to, say, Hindu physiology in section 9. India of part II. It would not take him very long, however, to glance through the whole bibliography and mark with a pencil the items pertinent to his own investigations. No method of classification can satisfy immediately every need, but we believe that ours is sufficiently dear to be of use to every scholar willing to take the few necessary pains. I entreat the authors of relevant books and papers to send me copies of them as promptly as possible in order that their studies may be registered in this bibliography and eventually reviewed and discussed. By so doing, they will not simply help me and every other historian of science, but they will help themselves in the best manner. Most of the notes were selected by me. They were typed by Miss Frances Siegel, and the typing and proofs read by Dr. A. Pogo.

Seventieth Critical Bibliography of the History and Philosophy of Science and of the History of Civilization

THE latest Critical Bibliography to appear was the sixty-fifth which was published in Isis, 35, 53-94, 1944, but two bibliographies, nos. 58 and 59, are thus far unavailable to the majority of our readers because of the German invasion of Belgium. The bibliography no. 58 has actually been published in Isis (vol. 31, 49I-608, April I940), but only nine copies of the issue containing it (no. 84 of Isis completing vol. 31) have reached America. This sixty-sixth bibliography contains about 830 items. They have been kindly contributed by the six following scholars: C. A. KOFOID (Berkeley, Cal.) V. F. LENZEN (Berkeley, Cal.) M. F. A. MONTAGU (Merion, Pa.) A. POGO (Cambridge, Mass.) G. SARTON (Cambridge, Mass.) C. ZIRKLE (Philadelphia). The sections dealing with Antiquity (sections I5) are especially full, as I have liquidated as much as I could of my stock of notes concerning them. I have in my drawers a large number of notes which will be published as soon as it has been possible to check them upon the originals or otherwise. The historical classification (Part II) contains a new section, (IV), \"The New World and Africa,\" divided into three subsections: (a) America, (b) Oceania, (c) Africa. (These subsections have not been numbered, in order not to disturb the numbering of sections of Part III). I entreat the authors of relevant books and papers to send me copies of them as promptly as possible in order that their studies may be registered in this bibliography and eventually reviewed and discussed. By so doing they will not simply help me and every other historian of science, but they will help themselves in the best manner, for they will obtain for their work the most valuable publicity and its certain incorporation into the literature of the subject. Most of the notes were selected by me. They were typed by Miss FRANCES SIEGEL, and the typing and proofs read by Dr. A. POGO.

Sixty-Sixth Critical Bibliography of the History and Philosophy of Science and of the History of Civilization (To July 1944)

This Bibliography includes as usual a series of addenda and errata to SARTON'S Introduction to the History of Science, vols. i and 2 (Baltimore and London, I927 and I93I). Its purpose and methods have been explained in the preface to the 38th Critical Bibliography (Isis 20, 506-08). Sections 34 to 49 inclusive dealing with anthropological and historical sciences are especially full, as I have liquidated as much as I could of my stock of notes concerning them. I have in my drawers a large number of notes which I will be glad to publish as soon as I have been able to check them upon the originals. The Historical classification (Part II) contains a new section (IV), \"The New World and Africa \" divided into three subsections a) America, b) Oceania, c) Africa. (These subsections have not been numbered in order not to disturb the numbering of sections of Part III). I entreat the authors of relevant books and papers to send me copies of them as promptly as possible in order that their studies may be registered in this bibliography and eventually reviewed and discussed. By so doing they will not simply help me and every other historian of science but they will help themselves in the best manner, for they will obtain for their work the most valuable publicity and its certain incorporation into the literature of the subject. Many of the notes were checked and the final manuscript and proofs of this Critical Bibliography were kindly read by Dr. M. C. WELBORN and I. B. CoHE.

Fifty-Fourth Critical Bibliography of the History and Philosophy of Science and of the History of Civilization (to end of April 1938--with special reference to sections 34 to 49 inclusive)

THE latest Critical Bibliography to appear was the sixty-seventh which was published in Isis, 35, 34962, 1945, but two bibliographies, nos. 58 and 59, are thus far unavailable to the majority of our readers because of the German invasion of Belgium. The bibliography no. 58 has actually been published in Isis (vol. 31, 49i-608, April 1940), but only nine copies of the issue containing it (no. 84 of Isis completing vol. 3I) have reached America. This sixty-eighth bibliography contains about 630 items. They have been kindly contributed by the seven following scholars: C. W. ADAMS (London) I. B. COHEN (Cambridge, Mass.) M. GRAUBARD (Washington, D. C.) C. D. LEAKE (Galveston, Texas) M. F. A. MONTAGU (Philadelphia, Pa.) G. SARTON (Cambridge, Mass.) C. ZIRKLE (Philadelphia, Pa.) The sections dealing with the Middle Ages and Byzantium (sections 6-7) are especially full, as I have liquidated as much as I could of my stock of notes concerning them. I have in my drawers a large number of notes which will be published as soon as it has been possible to check them upon the originals or otherwise. For the sake of new Isis readers, it is worth while to explain briefly the method of this bibliography. The fundamental classification is chronological by centuries, and from the fourth century B.C. on by half centuries. Thus, items concerning ARCHIMEDES or HARVEY are dassified in the sections devoted, respectively, to the second half of the third century B.C. or to the first half of the seventeenth century. Items which cannot be classified in that way are then listed, if possible, under one of the historical or ethnographical headings of Part II, which is subdivided as follows:

Seventieth Critical Bibliography of the History and Philosophy of Science and of the History of Civilization (to January 1947)

C. W. Adams (London) I. B. Cohen (Cambridge, Mass.) M.-L. Dufrenoy (Berkeley, Cal.) M. Graubard (Minneapolis) C. D. Hellman (New York City) D. A. Jonah (Providence, R. I.) C. D. Leake (Galveston, Texas) W. D. Miles (Cambridge, Mass.) M. F. A. Montagu (Princeton, N. J.) J. Pelseneer (Brussels) G. Sarton (Cambridge, Mass.) J. B. deC. M. Saunders (San Francisco) D. J. Struik (Cambridge, Mass.) C. Zirkle (Philadelphia)

Frances Siegel

Papers

Seventieth Critical Bibliography of the History and Philosophy of Science and of the History of Civilization

Sixty-Sixth Critical Bibliography of the History and Philosophy of Science and of the History of Civilization (To July 1944)

Fifty-Fourth Critical Bibliography of the History and Philosophy of Science and of the History of Civilization (to end of April 1938--with special reference to sections 34 to 49 inclusive)

Seventieth Critical Bibliography of the History and Philosophy of Science and of the History of Civilization (to January 1947)

Seventy-Seventh Critical Bibliography of the History and Philosophy of Science and of the History of Civilization