Wisdom Sits in Places: Landscape and Language among the Western Apache.Keith H. Basso. Albuquerque University of New Mexico Press, 1996. 171 pp.

Wisdom Sits in Places: Landscape and Language among the Western Apache.

http://www.abequa.org.br/trabalhos/0068_angulo_et_al._a_critical_review.pdf

A critical review of mid- to late-Holocene sea-level fluctuations on the eastern Brazilian coastline

During the twentieth century, Amazonia was widely regarded as relatively pristine nature, little impacted by human history. This view remains popular despite mounting evidence of substantial human influence over millennial scales across the region. Here, we review the evidence of an anthropogenic Amazonia in response to claims of sparse populations across broad portions of the region. Amazonia was a major centre of crop domestication, with at least 83 native species containing populations domesticated to some degree. Plant domestication occurs in domesticated landscapes, including highly modified Amazonian dark earths (ADEs) associated with large settled populations and that may cover greater than 0.1% of the region. Populations and food production expanded rapidly within land management systems in the mid-Holocene, and complex societies expanded in resource-rich areas creating domesticated landscapes with profound impacts on local and regional ecology. ADE food production projections support estimates of at least eight million people in 1492. By this time, highly diverse regional systems had developed across Amazonia where subsistence resources were created with plant and landscape domestication, including earthworks. This review argues that the Amazonian anthrome was no less socio-culturally diverse or populous than other tropical forested areas of the world prior to European conquest.

/pdf/the-domestication-of-amazonia-before-european-conquest-427qlhz0yr.pdf

The domestication of Amazonia before European conquest.

Continental Introduction.- Early Occupations Of South America.- Profiles in Pleistocene History.- Chinchorro Culture: Pioneers of the Coast of the Atacama Desert.- Early Occupations in the Southern Cone.- The Process of Sedentism in Northwestern South America.- Environment And Subsistence.- Central Andean Environments.- Plant Domestication and the Shift to Agriculture in the Andes.- Animal Domestication in South America.- High Elevation Foraging Societies.- Early Fishing Societies in Western South America.- Amazonia: The Historical Ecology of a Domesticated Landscape.- The Archaeology of Agriculture in Ancient Amazonia.- Agricultural Earthworks on the French Guiana Coast.- The Pampas and Campos of South America.- Lowland Moundbuilders.- Pre-Columbian Mound Complexes in the Upano River Valley, Lowland Ecuador.- The Archaeology of the Guianas: An Overview.- Barrancoid and Arauquinoid Mound Builders in Coastal Suriname.- Sambaqui (Shell Mound) Societies of Coastal Brazil.- Continental Variations In Non-State Complexity.- The Nonagricultural Chiefdoms of Marajo Island.- Ecology, Ceramic Chronology and Distribution, Long-term History, and Political Change in the Amazonian Floodplain.- Chiefdoms of Southwestern Colombia.- Late Pre-Hispanic Chiefdoms of Northern Colombia and the Formation of Anthropogenic Landscapes.- The Prehistory of Venezuela - Not Necessarily an Intermediate Area.- The Ecuadorian Formative.- Early Regional Polities of Coastal Ecuador.- Late Pre-Hispanic Polities of Coastal Ecuador.- Late Pre-Hispanic Chiefdoms of Highland Ecuador.- The Formative Period in the Titicaca Basin.- Paracas and Nasca: Regional Cultures on the South Coast of Peru.- Social Landscapes in Pre-Inca Northwestern Argentina.- Demographic And Cultural Expansions.- Early Cultural Complexity on the Coast of Peru.- Andean Urbanism.- The Tupi Expansion.- Life on the Move: Bioarchaeological Contributions to the Study of Migration and Diaspora Communities in the Andes.- Chavin de Huantar and Its Sphere of Influence.- States And Empires Of The Central Andes.- The Mochicas.- Wari and Tiwanaku: International Identities in the Central Andean Middle Horizon.- Between Horizons: Diverse Configurations of Society and Power in the Late Pre-Hispanic Central Andes.- The Chimu Empire.- The Inca Empire.- The Inca Khipu: Knotted-Cord Record Keeping in the Andes.- Experiencing Inca Domination in Northwestern Argentina and the Southern Andes.- Interactions.- Inter-zonal Relationships in Ecuador.- Cultural Boundaries and Crossings: Ecuador and Peru.- Chachapoyas: Cultural Development at an Andean Cloud Forest Crossroads.- The Llanos de Mojos.- Amazonian Mosaics: Identity, Interaction, and Integration in the Tropical Forest.- The Archaeology of Northern Chile.- Interaction and Social Fields in San Pedro de Atacama, Northern Chile.- Death Practices And Beliefs.- Prehistoric Funeral Practices in the Brazilian Amazon: The Maraca Urns.- Ancestor Images in the Andes.- Trophy Head-Taking and Human Sacrifice in Andean South America.- Ethics And Practice In South American Archaeology.- Archaeology, Globalization and the Nation: Appropriating the Past in Ecuador.- Cultural Heritage Management in Peru: Current and Future Challenges.- The Bennett Monolith: Archaeological Patrimony and Cultural Restitution in Bolivia.- Modernity and Politics in Colombian Archaeology.- From the Erasure to the Rewriting of Indigenous Pasts: The Troubled Life of Archaeology in Uruguay.- Public Archaeology and Management of the Brazilian Archaeological-Cultural Heritage.- Conclusion.- Conclusion.

/pdf/the-handbook-of-south-american-archaeology-56gsxy8o5z.pdf

The Handbook of South American Archaeology

For centuries Amazonia has held the Western scientific and popular imagination as a primordial forest, only minimally impacted by small, simple and dispersed groups that inhabit the region. Studies in historical ecology refute this view. Rather than pristine tropical forest, some areas are better viewed as constructed or 'domesticated' landscapes, dramatically altered by indigenous groups in the past. This paper reviews recent archaeological research in several areas along the Amazon River with evidence of large pre-European (ca 400-500 calendar years before the present) occupations and large-scale transformations of forest and wetland environments. Research from the southern margins of closed tropical forest, in the headwaters of the Xingu River, are highlighted as an example of constructed nature in the Amazon. In all cases, human influences dramatically altered the distribution, frequency and configurations of biological communities and ecological settings. Findings of historical change and cultural variability, including diverse small to medium-sized complex societies, have clear implications for questions of conservation and sustainability and, specifically, what constitutes 'hotspots' of bio-historical diversity in the Amazon region.

/pdf/the-legacy-of-cultural-landscapes-in-the-brazilian-amazon-3z91an9w4d.pdf

The legacy of cultural landscapes in the Brazilian Amazon: implications for biodiversity.

https://www.revistas.usp.br/revusp/article/download/29849/31735

A ocupação humana na região sul do brasil: arqueologia, debates e perspectivas - 1872-2000

La tres grande expansion territoriale des Tupis a ete etudiee depuis le siecle dernier. Cette culture s'est developpee a partir d'un centre, se differenciant par certains processus culturels tout en gardant des caracteristiques communes. Il n'y a cependant pas de consensus quant a l'origine des groupes qui la compose et aux routes prises par eux. Depuis 1960, de nouvelles donnees archeologiques et linguistiques ont ete exploitees. L'auteur tente dans cet article de montrer qu'il existe aujourd'hui suffisamment d'elements pour d'une part faire le lien entre groupes Tupis prehistoriques et historiques et pour comprendre leur origine, les modifications subies, et/ou leur extinction, d'autre part fonder la chronologie sur des temoignages archeologiques et linguistiques plutot que sur des speculations personnelles.

The Tupi: explaining origin and expansions in terms of archaeology and of historical linguistics

A model for the Guaraní expansion in the La Plata Basin and littoral zone of southern Brazil

https://www.revistas.usp.br/revmae/article/download/109426/107906

Francisco Silva Noelli

Papers

A ocupação humana na região sul do brasil: arqueologia, debates e perspectivas - 1872-2000

The Tupi: explaining origin and expansions in terms of archaeology and of historical linguistics

A model for the Guaraní expansion in the La Plata Basin and littoral zone of southern Brazil

Sambaqui: arqueologia do litoral brasileiro.

The Tupi Expansion