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The American Community College.

Re-Thinking Science: Knowledge and the Public in an Age of Uncertainty

ans who take the issue of segregation from one of being unfair to being bad economic policy for cities, regions, states, and the United States as a whole. They are right. But many of you will also recall Nobel Laureate Gary Becker who argued that in the long run it does not pay to discriminate. Where did that get us? Each chapter contains important policy recommendations. This is particularly emphasized in a chapter by Greg Squires on fair housing enforcement as well as the editors’ closing remarks on attaining a just society. Segregation is the essential synthesis of what we need to know to move this issue forward. That will not be enough but it is what we have. Read it and use it.

Stratification in Higher Education: A Comparative Study

Graduate Education in the United States

Previous studies have shown that state performance funding policies do not increase baccalaureate degree production, but higher education scholarship lacks a rigorous, quantitative analysis of the ...

An Examination of the (Un)Intended Consequences of Performance Funding in Higher Education

Purpose ! This chapter provides an overview of the findings and chapters of a thematic volume in the International Perspectives on Education and Society (IPES) series. It describes the common dataset and methods used by an international research team. Design/methodology/approach ! The chapter synthesizes the results of a series of country-level case studies and cross-national and regional comparisons on the growth of scientific research from 1900 until 2011. Additionally, the chapter provides a quantitative analysis of global trends in scientific, peer-reviewed publishing over the same period. Findings ! The introduction identifies common themes that emerged across the case studies examined in-depth during the multi-year research project Science Productivity, Higher Education, Research and Development and the Knowledge Society (SPHERE). First, universities have long been and are increasingly the primary organizations in science production around the globe. Second, the chapters describe in-country and cross-country patterns of The Century of Science: The Global Triumph of the Research University International Perspectives on Education and Society, Volume 33, 1!36 Copyright r 2017 by Emerald Publishing Limited All rights of reproduction in any form reserved ISSN: 1479-3679/doi:10.1108/S1479-367920170000033003

https://orbilu.uni.lu/bitstream/10993/31104/1/Powelletal2017_TheCenturyofScience_GeigerForewordIntro.pdf

The Century of Science: The Global Triumph of the Research University

We analyse data from the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies to reveal that immigrants in Canada and the United States make over $200 less per month than native-born workers. In the United States, immigrants disproportionately work in low-wage occupations, leading to large mean national differences between immigrants and native workers. The wage differential disappears after accounting for education and cognitive skills, indicating policies must focus on reducing education and skill gaps in the United States. In Canada, an immigrant wage gap persists in nearly all occupational fields, suggesting that the better skilled and educated immigrants in Canada are not receiving the same wage premium as native workers. We close with implications for policy and future research.

Education, Skills, and Wage Gaps in Canada and the United States

Policymakers are increasingly concerned that employees need both foundational skills, such as numeracy, and soft skills to take better advantage of new technologies and adapt to changing work. In t...

Examining relationships between soft skills and occupational outcomes among U.S. adults with—and without—university degrees

Purpose
During the 20th century, the United States rapidly developed its research capacity by fostering a broad base of institutions of higher education led by a small core of highly productive research universities. By the latter half of the century, scientists in a greatly expanded number of universities across the United States published the largest annual number of scholarly publications in STEM+ fields from one nation. This expansion was not a product of some science and higher education centralized plan, rather it flowed from the rise of mass tertiary education in this nation. Despite this unprecedented productivity, some scholars suggested that universities would cease to lead American scientific research. This chapter investigates the ways that the United States’ system of higher education underpinned American science into the 21st century.


Design
The authors present a historical and sociological case study of the development of the United States’ system of higher education and its associated research capacity. The historical and sociological context informs our analysis of data from the SPHERE team dataset, which was compiled from the Thomson Reuters’ Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) database.


Findings
We argue that American research capacity is a function of the United States’ broad base of thousands of public and broadly accessible institutions of higher education plus its smaller, elite sector of “super” research universities; and that the former serve to culturally support the later. Unlike previous research, we find that American higher education is not decreasing its contributions to the nation’s production of STEM+ scholarship.


Originality/Value
The chapter provides empirical analyses, which support previous sociological theory about mass higher education and super research universities.

Frank Fernandez

Papers

An Examination of the (Un)Intended Consequences of Performance Funding in Higher Education

The Century of Science: The Global Triumph of the Research University

Education, Skills, and Wage Gaps in Canada and the United States

Examining relationships between soft skills and occupational outcomes among U.S. adults with—and without—university degrees

Science Production in the United States: An Unexpected Synergy between Mass Higher Education and the Super Research University