1980 Preface * 1999 Preface * 1999 Acknowledgements * Introduction * 1 Circular Logic * 2 Phase Singularities (Screwy Results of Circular Logic) * 3 The Rules of the Ring * 4 Ring Populations * 5 Getting Off the Ring * 6 Attracting Cycles and Isochrons * 7 Measuring the Trajectories of a Circadian Clock * 8 Populations of Attractor Cycle Oscillators * 9 Excitable Kinetics and Excitable Media * 10 The Varieties of Phaseless Experience: In Which the Geometrical Orderliness of Rhythmic Organization Breaks Down in Diverse Ways * 11 The Firefly Machine 12 Energy Metabolism in Cells * 13 The Malonic Acid Reagent ('Sodium Geometrate') * 14 Electrical Rhythmicity and Excitability in Cell Membranes * 15 The Aggregation of Slime Mold Amoebae * 16 Numerical Organizing Centers * 17 Electrical Singular Filaments in the Heart Wall * 18 Pattern Formation in the Fungi * 19 Circadian Rhythms in General * 20 The Circadian Clocks of Insect Eclosion * 21 The Flower of Kalanchoe * 22 The Cell Mitotic Cycle * 23 The Female Cycle * References * Index of Names * Index of Subjects

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/596B270197FE27DE5FABB598B6210622/S0025557200150892a.pdf/div-class-title-span-class-italic-the-geometry-of-biological-time-span-by-a-t-winfree-pp-544-dm68-corrected-second-printing-1990-isbn-3-540-52528-9-springer-div.pdf

The geometry of biological time , by A. T. Winfree. Pp 544. DM68. Corrected Second Printing 1990. ISBN 3-540-52528-9 (Springer)

Using GIS to analyse long-term cultural landscape change in Southern Germany

Historical GIS is an emerging field that uses Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to research the geographies of the past. The authors present the first study to define this emerging field comprehensively, exploring all aspects of using GIS in historical research. A GIS is a form of database in which every item of data is linked to a spatial location. This technology offers unparalleled opportunities to add insight to and rejuvenate historical research thought the ability to identify and use the geographical characteristics of data. Historical GIS introduces the basic concepts and tools underpinning GIS technology, describing and critically assessing the visualisation, analytical and e-Science methodologies that it enables, and examining key scholarship in which GIS has been used to enhance research debates. The result is a clear agenda charting how GIS will develop as one the most important approaches to scholarship in historical geography.

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Historical GIS: Technologies, Methodologies, and Scholarship

We trace the process of developing and implementing a materials management system in one company over a 15-year period. Using a process research model developed by Newman and Robey, we identify 44 events in the process and define them as either encounters or episodes. Encounters are concentrated events, such as meetings and announcements, that separate episodes, which are events of longer duration. By examining the sequence of events over the 15 years of the case, we identify a pattern of repeated failure, followed by success. Our discussion centers on the value of detecting and displaying such patterns and the need for theoretical interpretation of recurring sequences of events. Five alternative theoretical perspectives, originally proposed by Kling, are used to interpret the sequential patterns identified by the model. We conclude that the form of the process model allows researchers who operate from different perspectives to enrich their understanding of the process of system development.

Sequential Patterns in Information Systems Development: An Application of a Social Process Model

Moving point object data can be analyzed through the discovery of patterns. We consider the computational efficiency of detecting four such spatio-temporal patterns, namely flock, leadership, convergence, and encounter, as defined by Laube et al., 2004. These patterns are large enough subgroups of the moving point objects that exhibit similar movement in the sense of direction, heading for the same location, and/or proximity. By the use of techniques from computational geometry, including approximation algorithms, we improve the running time bounds of existing algorithms to detect these patterns.

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Efficient detection of motion patterns in spatio-temporal data sets

1 Introduction.- 1.1 The relationship of space and time.- 1.2 Targets and contents of the book.- 1.2.1 What this book is about.- 1.2.2 What this book is not about.- 1.2.3 How to use this book.- 1.2.4 Structure and organization of the book.- 1.3 Further Reading.- 1.3.1 Introductions in GIS and reference books.- 1.3.2 Data capturing, data management, database technology and data storage.- 1.3.3 Land survey, cadastre, remote sensing and GPS.- 1.3.4 Map projections and reference systems.- 1.3.5 Data models, topology and spatial queries.- 1.3.6 Spatial statistics, spatial analysis and spatial modelling.- 1.3.7 Data warehousing and decision support systems.- 1.3.8 Visualisation techniques, cartography and Web-GIS.- 1.3.9 GIS project management and applications of GIS.- 1.3.10 Manuals and programming language handbooks.- 1.3.11 Philosophical, social, political and legal aspects of GIS.- 2 Conceptualising real world entities in spatio-temporal GIS.- 2.1 The geographer's perspective on space and time.- 2.2 Modelling the real world in Geographic Information Systems.- 2.2.1 Steps in building a GIS.- 2.2.2 Stages of abstraction in modelling a GIS.- 2.2.3 Conceptualising the real world in GIS.- 2.2.4 Geo-coding.- 2.2.5 Geo-referencing.- 2.3 The representation of space in GIS.- 2.3.1 Vector data models.- 2.3.2 Raster data models.- 2.4 Integration of external models in Geographic Information Systems.- 2.4.1 The dasymetric mapping problem.- 2.4.2 The modifiable areal unit problem.- 2.4.3 The closed number set problem.- 2.4.4 The ecological fallacy problem.- 2.5 Spatio-temporal dimensions in GIS.- 3 Integrating time in Geographic Information Systems.- 3.1 Different types of time.- 3.2 Conceptualising time in GIS.- 3.2.1 Snapshots.- 3.2.2 Time slices.- 3.2.3 Topology of time.- 3.2.4 Space-time composite.- 3.2.5 The amendment vector method.- 3.2.6 ER-models of temporal objects.- 3.2.7 patio-temporal object model.- 3.3 Event and database time.- 3.4 Version management.- 3.5 Types of temporal databases.- 4 Implementation of time in GIS.- 4.1 Implementation problems.- 4.2 Project design.- 4.2.1 Top down approach.- 4.2.2 Bottom up approach.- 4.2.3 Acquiring the technology.- 4.3 Implementation constraints.- 4.3.1 Data sources.- 4.3.2 Spatio-temporal GIS approaches.- 4.3.3 Temporal point maps.- 4.3.4 Gazetteer method.- 4.3.5 Raster cell spatio-temporal GIS.- 4.3.6 Past in present snapshots.- 4.3.7 Time slices overlay method.- 4.3.8 Least common geometries method.- 4.3.9 Pseudo-object GIS.- 5 Processing and analysis of temporal data inside a GIS.- 5.1 Common GIS analysis functions.- 5.2 Spatial and thematic queries.- 5.2.1 Spatial queries.- 5.2.2 Thematic queries.- 5.2.3 Statistical analysis.- 5.2.4 Overlay and split.- 5.2.5 Geometric-topological operations.- 5.2.6 Interpolation.- 5.2.7 Network functions.- 5.3 Temporal queries.- 5.4 Process analysis and simulation.- 6 The visualization of spatio-temporal processes.- 6.1 Basic concepts of spatio-temporal visualisation.- 6.2 Displaying time on a map.- 6.3 Multidimensional GIS.- 6.4 GIS and Multimedia.- 7 Examples.- 7.1 Building a historical GIS.- 7.2 Studying historical transport networks.- 7.3 Exploring cultural landscape change.- 7.4 Working with cadastres.- 7.5 Predicting wildfires.- 7.6 Mapping urban growth.- 7.7 Reconstructing archaeological excavations.- 7.8 Mining for business data.- 8 Conclusion.- 8.1 Summary.- 8.2 Outlook.- 9 Appendix.- 9.1 Research bibliography.- 9.2 Internet links.- CD-ROM with examples / code from the book.

Time-Integrative Geographic Information Systems: Management and Analysis of Spatio-Temporal Data

Please check the website at http://www.time-gis.de for updates and additions.

Time-integrative geographic information systems

Germany is currently on the way to becoming a society with an ageing and declining population. This is due to the fact that the country has had extremely low fertility for more than 30 years. With an ageing population, and their preference for ageing in place, the strong impact of internal migration on the spatial differentiation of population structures is declining, and international migration gains in the urban cores will become more influential in the future. Thus, city core regions may gain in demographic terms from young migrants, while suburban areas may no longer be able to compensate for their rapid ageing by a continuous stream of resettling families, and rural areas may face increasing migration losses besides their rapid ageing. The article provides an update on the current demographic change in Germany and the resulting increase in spatial disparities of population structures based on the latest spatial forecast of the Federal Institute for Research on Building, Urban Affairs and Spatial Development. The introduction includes extended coverage of recent German research literature on the topic. The main section describes the spatial ageing patterns and analyses the presented reversal in the aging process of urban cores, suburban and rural counties as a result of ageing. The population dynamics of two regions are investigated in greater detail as an example of the regions which are most prone to the effects of ageing in place: suburban counties in the West and rural counties in the East of the country. Finally, the findings are placed into the context of the recent discussion on the question of whether Germany is on the brink of a revival of the city or a reurbanisation process. The common understanding that urban cores are demographically older than their surrounding regions has to be reconsidered in the light of the insight on ageing-in-place effects of ageing populations and of the reversal of ageing patterns which are shown in this paper. Statistical proof of a new steady trend of reurbanisation measured in terms of population growth by migration gains is not (yet) possible. Even if populations in city cores have grown slightly in recent years as a result of migration, suburbanisation is still the dominant trend. However, if positive internal migration balances of city cores and reduced suburbanisation prevail, the reversal process of ageing will gain additional momentum.

Spatial impacts of demographic change in Germany

The paper focuses on demographic and social changes caused by peri-urban development in rural areas in Latvia, Poland, and Germany after the system transformation began. The article analyses peri-urban development as a mostly rural phenomenon, and as a process of rural displacement. Rural development interacts with urban influences, changing the role and functions of rural areas. This is reflected by a departure from agricultural functions, more intensive construction activities and changes in land use. This also includes intensive socio-demographic and socio-cultural changes. Simultaneously there are significant population inflows, both urban and rural (from more peripheral rural areas), an increase in population density, changes of population structure etc. The paper shows that peri-urban development as a general rural trend began later in the countries of Eastern and Central Europe (after the transformation) than in Western Europe, but the processes and phenomena presently observed in Eastern and Western Europe are similar.

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Peri-Urban Development as a Significant Rural Development Trend

As early as 1925, Carl O. Sauer summarised the fundamental characteristics of the cultural landscape in a definition: 'The cultural landscape is fashioned from a natural landscape by a cultural group. Culture is the agent, the natural area is the medium, the cultural landscape is the result. Under the influence of a given culture, itself changing through time, the landscape undergoes development, passing through phases, and probably reaching ultimately the end of its cycle of development.'1 In this context the term 'culture' can be interpreted in a very broad sense, it includes all

Frank Swiaczny

Papers

Time-Integrative Geographic Information Systems: Management and Analysis of Spatio-Temporal Data

Time-integrative geographic information systems

Spatial impacts of demographic change in Germany

Peri-Urban Development as a Significant Rural Development Trend

The analysis of cultural landscape change: a GIS approach for handling spatio-temporal data