Report for European Environment Agency (EEA, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities (OPOCE)

Urban Sprawl in Europe - The Ignored Challenge

Are European Cities Becoming Dispersed? A Comparative Analysis of 15 European Urban Areas

As a subdiscipline of industrial ecology, industrial symbiosis is concerned with resource optimization among colocated companies. The industrial symbiosis complex in Kalundborg, Denmark is the seminal example of industrial symbiosis in the industrial ecology literature. In spite of this, there has been no in-depth quantitative analysis enabling more comprehensive understanding of economic and environmental performances connected to this case. In this article some of the central industrial symbiotic exchanges, involving water and steam, in Kalundborg are analyzed, using detailed economic and environmental data. It is found that both substantial and minor environmental benefits accrue from these industrial symbiosis exchanges and that economic motivation often is connected to upstream or downstream operational performance and not directly associated with the value of the exchanged byproduct or waste itself. It is concluded that industrial symbiosis, as viewed from a company perspective, has to be understood both in terms of individual economic and environmental performance, and as a more collective approach to industrial sustainability.

Industrial Symbiosis in Kalundborg, Denmark: A Quantitative Assessment of Economic and Environmental Aspects

Green economy and related concepts: An overview

Summary
Industrial symbiosis examines cooperative management of resource flows through networks of businesses known in the literature as industrial ecosystems. These industrial ecosystems have previously been portrayed as having characteristics of complex adaptive systems, but with insufficient attention to the internal and external phenomena describing their genesis. Drawing on biological, ecological, organizational, and systems theory, a discontinuous three-stage model of industrial symbiosis is presented. The model proceeds from a random formative stage involving numerous actors engaging in material and energy exchanges, to conscious recognition and intentional pursuit of network benefits, to institutionalization of beliefs and norms enabling successful collaborative behavior. While there is much variation, with no single path to this outcome, the recognition of benefits is seen as an emergent property characteristic of these self-organized systems that move beyond the initial stage.

Organizing Self‐Organizing Systems

The industrial region as a promising unit for eco-industrial development—reflections, practical experience and establishment of innovative instruments to support industrial ecology

From Concentration to De-concentration — Migration Patterns in the Post-socialist City☆

As early as 1925, Carl O. Sauer summarised the fundamental characteristics of the cultural landscape in a definition: 'The cultural landscape is fashioned from a natural landscape by a cultural group. Culture is the agent, the natural area is the medium, the cultural landscape is the result. Under the influence of a given culture, itself changing through time, the landscape undergoes development, passing through phases, and probably reaching ultimately the end of its cycle of development.'1 In this context the term 'culture' can be interpreted in a very broad sense, it includes all

Thomas Ott

Papers

The industrial region as a promising unit for eco-industrial development—reflections, practical experience and establishment of innovative instruments to support industrial ecology

From Concentration to De-concentration — Migration Patterns in the Post-socialist City☆

The analysis of cultural landscape change: a GIS approach for handling spatio-temporal data

Aufbau und Gestaltung regionaler Stoffstrommanagementnetzwerke

Angleichung, nachholende Modernisierung oder eigener Weg? Beiträge der Modernisierungstheorie zur Transformationsforschung