A spark-ignition four-stroke gasoline engine, of the commonly mass-produced type having a plurality of cylinders provided each with two poppet valves mounted in a cylinder-head of the engine and constituting respectively an inlet valve, for passing a fuel-air mixture to the cylinder, and an exhaust valve for passing exhaust gases to an exhaust manifold of the engine, is given exhaust valves which are at least 7% greater in area than the inlet valves.

Internal combustion engines

A control system for an automatic transmission having friction coupling elements, at least one of which is locked in 3rd and 4th gears and unlocked in 1st and 2nd gears, includes a first shift valve shiftable between 3rd and 4th gears, and second shift valve shiftable between in 2nd gear and 1st gear in which engine brake available, and a solenoid valve providing control pressure which is selectively directed to these shift valves and cause them to shift so as to lock or unlock the friction coupling elements.

Automatic transmission control system

A method and apparatus for controlling a plurality of subsystems (66, 70) associated with an agricultural vehicle such as a tractor. Examples of such subsystems in a tractor are hitch positioning, power take off (PTO), multiple range transmissions, differential lock, diesel fuel injection, and the like. A unified control system is provided including a central control unit having a first microprocessor (56) and a plurality of subservient control units each having a microprocessor (58, 60). Each of the subservient control unit microprocessors (58, 60) are connected for controlling at least one subsystem (66, 70) and for sensing the operating conditions of at least a single subsystem (66, 70) using sensors (68, 72). The subservient control unit microprocessors (58, 60) are also connected to the central control unit microprocessor (56) which controls communication between the subservient control unit microprocessors (58, 60). Various control criteria, including desired relationships among various subsets of the conditions, are stored in memories associated with the microprocessors. The microprocessors cycle through a series of subroutines in which various subsets of conditions are compared with the target, or desired relationships. Control signals are generated by the microprocessors for controlling the individual subsystems to bring the conditions thereof to the targeted relationships. Such relationships include, but are not limited to engine advance characteristics as a function of engine RPM and torque, transmission shift points, criteria for overriding a draft control for hitch positioning, and the like.

Electronic tractor control

A device for the control of the traveling speed of a motor vehicle with a regulating member actuatable by the vehicle driver, the gas pedal emitting an electrical signal, the gas pedal being connected with the desired value input of an electrical controller, the output signal of which acts on a positioning actuator, the latter being coupled with the element, particularly the throttle valve, which influences the fuel-air mixture, the instantaneous setting position of the positioning actuator being transmitted as an electric signal to the actual value input of the controller. The actual value input or the desired value input of the controller is driven by a circuit which produces a signal for influencing the position of the throttle valve, which signal is dependent on at least one factor to be monitored.

Device for the control of the traveling speed of a motor vehicle

A vehicle electronic control system for a friction clutch having a clutch position signal generator which senses the vehicle operating conditions and produces a command signal which dictates the state of engagement of the clutch. A clutch actuator control is responsive to the command signal, and includes a transducer that produces a feedback signal indicative of clutch position which is fed into a comparator for comparison with the command signal. The feedback signal is modified by a signal derived from a wear compensator to alter the feedback signal as the clutch wears.

Clutch control system

Opening pulses for fuel injectors are furnished by a multivibrator. The pulses are applied to a resistance-capacitance network which furnishes a negative pulse having an amplitude which varies with the speed and the temperature of the engine. This signal is applied to the base of a switching transistor whose bias is controlled by the accelerator pedal. The collector of the switching transistor is connected to the base of an auxiliary transistor, whose collector is connected by means of a feedback resistance to the base of the switching resistor. The opening pulse is also applied to the base of the auxiliary transistor by means of a series resistance-capacitance circuit. Blocking of the auxiliary transistor causes transmission of the opening pulse to the injector. The auxiliary transistor blocks only upon simultaneous conduction of the multivibrator furnishing the opening pulse and the switching transistor. The circuit is arranged to block the transmission of the opening pulses in case of speeds exceeding the idling speed while the accelerometer pedal is not depressed.

Control system for blocking fuel injection in an internal combustion engine

As a clutch between a motor and a vehicle transmission is progressively engaged through the region of slipping engagement, the jolt effect produced is measured and at the same time the jolt effect that would be produced if the clutch were at once grippingly (fully) engaged is predicted. The higher of the respective measured and predicted jolt effects is subtracted from a signal representing maximum permissible jolt, and the resulting difference is used as the input of a three-term (PID) controller, the output of which produces a displacement of an electrically actuatable clutch control member. The controller and control member are so designed that when the controller is shut off, the clutch goes at once into full engagement. The circuit compares motor speed with transmission input speed in order to shut off the controller when these two speeds are equal, thus fully engaging the clutch, and also to shut off at the same time the jolt-measuring and predicting circuits. These same inputs are also compared to bring the predicting circuits into operation only if these inputs and their first derivatives differ in the same sense, meaning that their speeds are approaching to each other.

Method and apparatus for eliminating transmission jolt in motor vehicles

Verfahren und vorrichtung zur einstellung des schaltrucks in kraftfahrzeugen

A method and apparatus for use with fuel mixture preparation systems which employ an oxygen sensor in the exhaust line to determine the composition of the combustible mixture supplied to the engine and which adjust the mixture on the basis of the bi-valued signals from the sensor. In order to permit the use of these signals at lower than normal operating temperatures, where the internal resistance of the sensor is high and the output signal is skewed, the invention proposes generating a correction current which is passed through the sensor and which causes a voltage drop which symmetrizes the output voltage so that the two branches of the output signal always lie respectively above and below a fixed set-point voltage, thus permitting control loop processing. A circuit is also described which supplies the correcting current by comparison of the DC level of the output signal with the set-point value in a secondary feedback loop.

Method and apparatus for correcting sensor output signal

To provide a sharp voltage pulse to break down the spark gap of a spark plug, an ignition coil is constructed to have two secondary winding portions, one providing a high-voltage output and the other providing high energy level or current output. The high current output portion is connected through a diode to charge a capacitor which is further connected through an additional blocking diode to the spark gap, to which also the high voltage portion is connected, so that the spark gap will be supplied by a circuit common to both winding portions of the ignition coil, the high voltage pulse breaking down the spark gap and the high energy pulse, of lower voltage, however, providing spark energy for an extended period of time after initial breakdown of the gap. Preferably, the system is transistor-controlled, with the ignition instant being determined by a digital counter counting forward and reversely under control of a rotation-pulse transducer coupled to the crankshaft of the engine.

Friedrich Rabus

Papers

Control system for blocking fuel injection in an internal combustion engine

Method and apparatus for eliminating transmission jolt in motor vehicles

Verfahren und vorrichtung zur einstellung des schaltrucks in kraftfahrzeugen

Method and apparatus for correcting sensor output signal

High energy spark ignition system, particularly for internal combustion engines