The surface science of titanium dioxide

Rising atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide and the depletion of fossil fuel reserves raise serious concerns about the ensuing effects on the global climate and future energy supply. Utilizing the abundant solar energy to convert CO2 into fuels such as methane or methanol could address both problems simultaneously as well as provide a convenient means of energy storage. In this Review, current approaches for the heterogeneous photocatalytic reduction of CO2 on TiO2 and other metal oxide, oxynitride, sulfide, and phosphide semiconductors are presented. Research in this field is focused primarily on the development of novel nanostructured photocatalytic materials and on the investigation of the mechanism of the process, from light absorption through charge separation and transport to CO2 reduction pathways. The measures used to quantify the efficiency of the process are also discussed in detail.

Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 on TiO2 and other semiconductors.

II. Structure of Perovskites 1982 A. Crystal Structure 1982 B. Nonstoichiometry in Perovskites 1983 1. Oxygen Nonstoichiometry 1983 2. Cation Nonstoichiometry 1984 C. Physical Properties 1985 D. Adsorption Properties 1986 1. CO and NO Adsorption 1986 2. Oxygen Adsorption 1987 E. Specific Surface and Porosity 1987 F. Thermal Stability in a Reducing Atmosphere 1989 III. Acid−Base and Redox Properties 1990 A. Acidity and Basicity 1990 B. Redox Processes 1991 1. Kinetics and Mechanisms 1992 2. Reduction−Oxidation Cycles 1993 C. Ion Mobility 1993 1. Oxygen Transport 1993 2. Cation Transport 1994 IV. Heterogeneous Catalysis 1995 A. Oxidation Reactions 1995 1. CO Oxidation 1995 2. Oxidation of Hydrocarbons 1996 B. Pollution Abatement 2001 1. NOx Decomposition 2001 2. Exhaust Treatment 2002 3. Stability 2004 C. Hydrogenation and Hydrogenolysis Reactions 2004 1. Hydrogenation of Carbon Oxides 2004 2. Hydrogenation and Hydrogenolysis Reactions 2006

Chemical structures and performance of perovskite oxides.

The surface and materials science of tin oxide

The interaction of water with solid surfaces: Fundamental aspects

Activation of CH4 and Its Reaction with CO2 over Supported Rh Catalysts

Aromatization of Methane over Supported and Unsupported Mo-Based Catalysts

The bonding, structure and reactions of CO2 adsorbed on clean and promoted metal surfaces

Methanation of CO2 on supported rhodium catalyst

The dissociation of CH4 and CO2, as well as the reaction between CH4 and CO2 at 723–823 K have been studied over alumina supported Pt metals. In the high temperature interaction of CH4 with catalyst surface small amounts of C2H6 were detected. In the reaction of CH4+CO2, CO and H2 were produced with different ratios. The specific activities of the catalysts decreased in the order: Ru, Pd, Rh, Pt and Ir, which agreed with their activity order towards the dissociation of CO2.

Frigyes Solymosi

Papers

Activation of CH4 and Its Reaction with CO2 over Supported Rh Catalysts

Aromatization of Methane over Supported and Unsupported Mo-Based Catalysts

The bonding, structure and reactions of CO2 adsorbed on clean and promoted metal surfaces

Methanation of CO2 on supported rhodium catalyst

Catalytic reaction of CH4 with CO2 over alumina-supported Pt metals