https://www.sfu.ca/~mbahrami/ENSC%20461/Project/Some%20papers%20for%20CO2%20Ref/Fundamental%20process%20and%20system%20design%20issues%20in%20CO2%20vapor%20compression%20systems.pdf

Fundamental process and system design issues in CO2 vapor compression systems

A comparative study of the carbon dioxide transcritical power cycle compared with an organic rankine cycle with R123 as working fluid in waste heat recovery

The present invention relates to an apparatus for conducting a variety of assays for the determination of analytes in liquid samples, and relates to the methods for such assays. In particular, the invention relates to a single-use cartridge designed to be adaptable to a variety of real-time assay protocols, preferably assays for the determination of analytes in biological samples using immunosensors or other ligand/ligand receptor-based biosensor embodiments. The cartridge provides novel features for processing a metered portion of a sample, for precise and flexible control of the movement of a sample or second fluid within the cartridge, for the amending of solutions with additional compounds during an assay, and for the construction of immunosensors capable of adaptation to diverse analyte measurements. The disclosed device and methods of use enjoy substantial benefits over the prior art, including simplicity of use by an operator, rapid in situ determinations of one or more analytes, and single-use methodology that minimizes the risk of contamination of both operator and patient. The disclosed invention is adaptable to the point-of-care clinical diagnostic field, including use in accident sites, emergency rooms, surgery, nursing homes, intensive care units, and non-medical environments.

Apparatus and methods for analyte measurement and immunoassay

A washing and drying machine of the present invention includes a water tub elastically supported in a housing; a rotary drum being rotatably mounted in the water tub; a heat pump having a compressor, a heat radiator, a throttle valve, a heat absorber, a pipework, and an air guide duct for guiding air to the heat absorber and the heat radiator; an air passageway provided to the water tub for allowing the air to flow into the rotary drum; a blower for forcing the air heated by the heat radiator to flow through the air passageway into the rotary drum; and a flexible connection member. The flexible connection member connects the air passageway to the air guide duct.

Washing and drying machine

A finned heat exchanger includes a plurality of elongated fins which are arranged at a predetermined interval in parallel with one another such that air flows between neighboring ones of the fins in a predetermined direction. A plurality of heat transfer tubes which contain refrigerant passing therethrough are orthogonally inserted through the fins so as to be arranged in a plurality of columns on the fins. When the finned heat exchanger is operated for condensation, the heat transfer tubes are provided in two paths in the vicinity of an inlet for the refrigerant and are provided in one path in the vicinity of an outlet for the refrigerant, such that the heat transfer tubes of the one path occupy about 5 to 30% of all the heat transfer tubes.

Finned heat exchanger

A refrigerating cycle device using carbon dioxide as refrigerant capable of solving such a problem that when a receiver is installed against a low pressure, a cost and a volume are increased by a pressure resistant design to assure safety, wherein a first pressure reducing device (12) and a second pressure reducing device (15) are operated to vary the refrigerant pressure of a first heat exchanger (13) so as to regulate the refrigerant hold amount of the first heat exchanger, whereby since the unbalance of the amount of refrigerant between cooling and heating/dehumidifying can be reduced, the refrigerating cycle device can be efficiently operated with a downsized receiver or without installing the receiver.

Refrigerating cycle device

Recently, as one of the countermeasures against the global warming and energy conservation problems, natural refrigerants such as CO2 are now paid attention as substitutes for HFCs in automotive air conditioning systems. Also, in recent years because the heat release from the eco-car's engine decreases, there is a problem that the present automotive heating air conditioning system cannot provide sufficient heating capacity.

As an alternative approach, we focused on a solution utilizing a CO2-based heat pump, whereby the waste heat from the heat pump cycle during dehumidification of the incoming air (referred to as the dehumidifying condition) is recovered and used as an auxiliary heat source instead of an electric heater. Based on this concept, we aimed to develop an effective automotive cooling and heating air conditioning system using CO2 as a refrigerant.

As the result, a prototype CO2 automotive cooling and heating air conditioning system for medium-sized cars was successfully developed. With this system, performance superior to that of the present HFC134a system can be achieved.

Experimental study on automotive cooling and heating air conditioning system using CO2 as a refrigerant

PURPOSE: To improve a dropping of water drpplets condensed at fins and restrict an increasing of aeration resistance of air flow and a decreasing of a thermal transmitting efficiency by a method wherein some space holding pieces having a wider width of an extreme end than that of a root part are positioned at a rear part of a thermal transmitting pipe in respect to a direction of air flow and further applied as projections in parallel with a direction of their gravities. CONSTITUTION: Some space holding pieces 12 having wider cut and raised end edges than widths of roots and further having widths of the cut and raised end edges smaller than a width of a thermal transmitting pipe at several fins 11 arranged at a specified spacing are positioned at a rear part of the thermal transmitting pipe in respect to an air flow and formed as projections in parallel with a direction of their weight. The heat exchanger having fins is used as an evaporator and in case that water droplets are condensed at an outer surface of the evaporator, the space holding pieces 12 are in parallel with their weighing directions, so that no water droplets are accumulated and when the condensed water droplets are dropped below the heat exchanger by their own weights, the spacing holding pieces 12 do not make any troubles to improve a dropping of the water droplets, and increasing of the aeration resistance of the air flow and a reduction of a thermal transmitting efficiency of the air flow are restricted. COPYRIGHT: (C)1991,JPO&Japio

Heat exchanger with fins

A drying apparatus comprising a heat pump apparatus in which a refrigerant circulates through a compressor, a radiator, a throttle apparatus and an evaporator in this order, in which air heated by the radiator is introduced into a dry chamber, the air coming out from the dry chamber is cooled by a cooling apparatus, the air cooled by the cooling apparatus is dehumidified by the evaporator, and the air dehumidified by the evaporator is again heated by the radiator, wherein the drying apparatus further comprises compressor input detecting means for detecting input of the compressor, and cooling quantity control means for controlling a cooling quantity of the cooling apparatus using a value detected by the compressor input detecting means.

Drying device and method of operation therefor

A drying apparatus has a heat pump comprising a compressor (31) , a radiator (32) , a throttle apparatus (33) and an evaporator (34) , and also includes a structure in which drying air heated by heat of the radiator (32) is introduced to a subject (37) to be dried is dehumidified by the evaporator (34) . The drying apparatus also includes a bypass circuit (39) through which a portion of dying air heated by the radiator (32) flows to an inlet of the evaporator (34) without coming into contact with the subject, a super heat detecting device (43, 44) for detecting super heat of the heat pump apparatus, and a throttle apparatus control device for controlling flow path resistance in the bypass circuit (39) using a value detected by the super heat detecting device (43, 44).

Fumitoshi Nishiwaki

Papers

Refrigerating cycle device

Experimental study on automotive cooling and heating air conditioning system using CO2 as a refrigerant

Heat exchanger with fins

Drying device and method of operation therefor

Heat pump type drying apparatus drying apparatus and drying method