Magnetic resonance imaging apparatus

The present invention addresses the processing of waste and low-value products to produce useful materials in reliable purities and compositions, at acceptable cost, without producing malodorous emissions, and with high energy efficiency. In particular, the invention comprises a multi-stage process that converts various feedstocks such as offal, animal manures, municipal sewage sludge, tires, and plastics, that otherwise have little commercial value, to useful materials including gas, oil, specialty chemicals, and carbon solids. The process subjects the feedstock to heat and pressure, separates out various components, then further applies heat and pressure to one or more of those components. Various materials produced at different points in the process may be recycled and used to play other roles within the process. The invention further comprises an apparatus for performing a multi-stage process of converting waste products into useful materials, and at least one oil product that arises from the process.

Process For Conversion of Organic, Waste, or Low-Value Materials Into Useful Products

Integrated catalytic gasification processes are provided involving generating steam for converting carbonaceous materials to combustible gases, such as methane. Generally, steam generated from the combustion of a biomass is provided to a catalytic gasifier, wherein under appropriate temperature and pressure conditions, a carbonaceous feedstock is converted into a plurality of product gases, including, but not limited to, methane, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide.

Steam Generation Processes Utilizing Biomass Feedstocks

The present invention relates to processes for preparing gaseous products, and in particular, methane via the catalytic gasification of carbonaceous feedstocks in the presence of steam and an oxygen-rich gas stream. The processes comprise using at least one catalytic methanator to convert carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the gaseous products to methane and do not recycle carbon monoxide or hydrogen to the catalytic gasifier.

Processes for gasification of a carbonaceous feedstock

Particulate compositions are described comprising an intimate mixture of a biomass, such as switchgrass or hybrid poplar, a non-biomass carbonaceous material, such as petroleum coke or coal, and a gasification catalyst, where the gasification catalyst is loaded onto at least one of the biomass or non-biomass for gasification in the presence of steam to yield a plurality of gases including methane and at least one or more of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and other higher hydrocarbons are formed. Processes are also provided for the preparation of the particulate compositions and converting the particulate composition into a plurality of gaseous products.

Biomass Compositions for Catalytic Gasification

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To produce a methane-based fuel by treating organic wastes with a high gasification efficiency and at the same time, to recover energy in the form of electricity, heat or the like. SOLUTION: Fuel gas is produced by the method comprising (1) a process in which liquid organic matters are charged into the first reactor of a pressurized heated state via a loading apparatus capable of adjusting the inner pressure, and solid organic components are solubilized, (2) a process in which the gas-liquid mixture formed in the previous process is treated for gas-liquid separation, and (3) a process in which catalytic cracking is performed in the presence of a metallic supported catalyst to produce a gas mainly composed of methane gas while keeping the temperature and pressure so that at least a part of the separated liquid phase obtained in the previous process holds a liquid phase in the second reactor.

Production of fuel gas

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To make it possible to decrease problems, such as closure in an evaporator and the degradation in a heat transfer coefficient, by adjusting and holding the temperature in the evaporator to be introduced with waste hydrochloric acid to a specific range or adjusting the amount of the evaporation liquid with respect to a waste hydrochloric acid stock solution amount or executing both and suppressing the concn. of iron salt in the condensed liquid in the evaporator to a specified value or below. SOLUTION: The temperature in the evaporator is adjusted to 110 to 120 deg.C. The temperature in the evaporator and/or the ratio of a distillate amount to the waste hydrochloric acid stock solution amount is regulated and the iron concentration in the condensed liquid in the evaporator is controlled to <=300 g.l. The condensed liquid is withdrawn in correspondence to the liquid level height in the evaporator and is sent to a condensed liquid storage tank. The condensed liquid withdrawn to the outside of the evaporator is then diluted and the iron concentration thereof is controlled to <=200 g/l. The temperature in the evaporator and/or the ratio of a distillate amount to the waste hydrochloric acid stock solution amount is regulated and/or a diluent is supplied in place of the waste hydrochloric acid stock solution, by which the iron concentration in the condensed liquid in the evaporator is regulated to <=200 g/l and, thereafter, the waste hydrochloric acid treatment is stopped.

Treatment of waste hydrochloric acid

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide thermocompression concentration technology which requires only a small-sized device and saves on equipment cost and operating expenses. SOLUTION: A vapor condensate originating from the outside of a heat transfer pipe in a Calandria evaporation drum 8 and a raw liquid are subjected to a heat exchange process using a preheater 5, and the preheated raw liquid is introduced into a liquid from a liquid level to the heat transfer pipe in the evaporation drum 8. Further, a vapor generated in the evaporation drum 8 is compressed using a screw compressor 10 to heat up the vapor. The compressed vapor thus obtained is supplied to the outside of the heat transfer pipe to heat and evaporate the liquid inside the heat transfer pipe. Then, to control the liquid level of the vapor condensate outside the heat transfer pipe so that it is maintained at a constant height, the condensate from a condensate tank 13 is introduced into the preheater 5. The condensate coming out of the preheater 5 is used as it is or is again heated to remove an organic matter and/or a nitrogen compound. In addition, a concentrate is extracted from the Calandria tower bottom based on a signal indicating the height of the condensate level inside the evaporation drum 8 and then is sent to a concentrate storage tank. At the same time, piping including the preheater 5 and the heat transfer pipe inside the evaporation drum 8 are internally cleaned.

Method for concentrating liquid

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To collectively treat org. solid waste and water with high decomposition efficiency and to recover power or heat energy. SOLUTION: This treatment method is composed of a process of subjecting a liquid mixture of org. solid waste and liquid waste to wet oxidation treatment in the presence of oxygen in a first reactor at 100 deg.C or higher while holding pressure keeping a liquid phase, a process of removing formed sludge and/or a metal component from the first reactor, a process of subjecting a high temp. and high pressure treated liquid to gas-liquid separation, a process of removing sludge and/or a metal component from the liquid phase and mixing a part of the liquid phase with the liquid waste to circulate the same to the first reactor and a process of subjecting the remainder of the liquid phase and the gas phase to catalytic wet oxidation treatment at liquid linear velocity of 0.1cm/sec or more at 100 deg.C or higher under pressure keeping a liquid phase.

Simultaneous treatment of organic solid waste and liquid waste

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To collectively treat water-containing waste with high decomposition efficiency and to recover power, heat energy or the like SOLUTION: This treatment method is equipped with a process of subjecting preheated water-containing waste to wet oxidation treatment in the presence of oxygen within a first reactor while holding the waste to a temp of 150 degC or higher and pressure keeping a liquid phase, a process of removing sludge and/or a metal component from the first reactor, a process for subjecting high temp and high pressure treatment liquid to gas-liquid separation and a process of removing sludge and or a metal component from a liquid phase Further, a process of subjecting the liquid and gas phases of high temp and high pressure to catalytic wet oxidation treatment in the presence of a catalyst containing at least one of metal and a metal compd as an active component at liquid linear velocity (sent-in liquid amt/reactor cross-sectional area) of 01cm/sec or more at temp equal to or higher than 100 degC and lower than the temp of the first reactor under pressure holding the treated liquid to a liquid phase is provided

Futagawa Michio

Papers

Production of fuel gas

Treatment of waste hydrochloric acid

Method for concentrating liquid

Simultaneous treatment of organic solid waste and liquid waste

Treatment of water-containing waste