The effects of trade openness on decoupling carbon emissions from economic growth - Evidence from 182 countries.

Per-capita carbon emissions in 147 countries: The effect of economic, energy, social, and trade structural changes

Does urbanization redefine the environmental Kuznets curve? An empirical analysis of 134 Countries

This article seeks to analyze the impact of technological innovations, financial development, renewable energy consumption, economic growth, and population on the ecological footprint in Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) countries by utilizing the balanced longitudinal data set during the period from 1990 to 2017. This study creates a new technological innovation index through principle component analysis including three important indicators that represent the technology and employs a consistent environmental framework identified as Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence and Technology (STIRPAT) model. The second generation panel estimation technique is employed to calculate robust and reliable outcomes. After confirming the cross-sectional dependency among series, panel unit root tests confirm that all variables are stationary at their first integrated order. Furthermore, Westerlund cointegration test confirms the presence of long-run association among variables. The outcomes explore that financial development and renewable energy utilization significantly accelerate the environmental quality by 0.0927% and 0.4274%, respectively. While, the increase in technological innovation activities, economic growth, and population size has a detrimental effect on environmental quality in the long run by 0.099%, 0.517%, and 0.458%, respectively. Moreover, the results of panel Dumitrescu and Hurlin (D-H) non-causality test discovered the bidirectional causality relationship between financial development, technological innovations, renewable energy consumption, economic growth, and population size with the ecological footprint. These empirical findings provide some vital policy implications for central authority and policymakers to overcome the detrimental impact on environmental quality in the APEC region.

Dynamic relationship between technological innovations, financial development, renewable energy, and ecological footprint: fresh insights based on the STIRPAT model for Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation countries.

Innovation, trade openness and CO2 emissions in selected countries in Africa

Does increasing investment in research and development promote economic growth decoupling from carbon emission growth? An empirical analysis of BRICS countries

What does the China's economic recovery after COVID-19 pandemic mean for the economic growth and energy consumption of other countries?

Achieving carbon neutral requires a comprehensive understanding of the effect of different key factors on carbon emissions. To this end, this study investigates the effect of trade openness, human capital, renewable energy and natural resource rent on carbon emissions within the framework of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. Second-generation econometric tests, Generalized Method of Moments and Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares estimator were developed based on the aggregated dataset of 208 countries from 1990 to 2018. The results show that (i) the EKC hypothesis is validated when the effects of trade openness, human capital, renewable energy consumption, and natural resource rents are considered. The relationship between income level and carbon emissions shows an "inverted U-shaped" curve at the global level. Besides, the real GDP per capita corresponding to the EKC turning point is 19,203$. (ii) Renewable energy consumption and human capital have heterogeneous effects on carbon emissions in before- and after-EKC turning points. Specifically, renewable energy consumption has a better emission reduction effect for countries before the EKC turning point, with effects of -0.4334 and -0.1598, respectively; human capital has a better emission reduction effect for countries after the EKC turning point, with effects of -0.6311 and -0.3398, respectively.(iii) the mitigation effect of trade openness on carbon emissions is only effective in countries with weak decoupling after EKC turning points, with a mitigating effect of -0.0615. However, natural resource rents increase carbon emissions in most countries. 

Revisiting the environmental kuznets curve hypothesis in 208 counties: The roles of trade openness, human capital, renewable energy and natural resource rent.

Fuyu Zhang

Papers

The effects of trade openness on decoupling carbon emissions from economic growth - Evidence from 182 countries.

Does increasing investment in research and development promote economic growth decoupling from carbon emission growth? An empirical analysis of BRICS countries

What does the China's economic recovery after COVID-19 pandemic mean for the economic growth and energy consumption of other countries?

Revisiting the environmental kuznets curve hypothesis in 208 counties: The roles of trade openness, human capital, renewable energy and natural resource rent.

The impact of renewable energy on decoupling economic growth from ecological footprint – An empirical analysis of 166 countries