The effect of variables, namely yarn fineness, shrinkable acrylic proportion and twist level, on various properties of cotton–acrylic blended bulked yarns has been studied by relaxing shrinkable component of the yarns using boiling water treatment. A three-variable factorial design technique proposed by Box and Behnken was used to investigate the combined interaction effect of the above variables on the properties of these yarns. The design variables were optimized for all the yarn properties by using the response surface equations. The shrinkage percentage of yarn was found to be higher in the case of coarser yarn, yarn with higher proportion of acrylic fibre and higher twist level. During bulking treatment as the yarns shrink, the effective number of twist per unit length also increases significantly. It is observed that the specific volume of the yarn increases with an increase in the acrylic proportion and decreases with an increase in the twist factor. The breaking extension increases signif...

Studies on cotton–acrylic bulked yarns and fabrics. Part II: Fabric characteristics

Among the natural fibers, jute stands out for its characteristics. However, the adhesion between the fibers and the polymer matrix is limited and, therefore, physicochemical changes to the ...

Surface modification and performance of jute fibers as reinforcement on polymer matrix: an overview

The effects of different factors, namely spinning technologies (ring, rotor and DREF-II, i.e. Group A yarns), position of shrinkable acrylic feed sliver in DREF-II friction spinning system (Group B yarns) and proportion of shrinkable acrylic core fibre in core-sheath type DREF-III friction spun yarns (Group C yarns) on various properties of cotton-acrylic–blended bulked yarns have been studied. The bulk in the yarns was developed by relaxing shrinkable acrylic component of the yarns using boiling water treatment. All the above factors have a significant impact on various properties of cotton–acrylic blended bulked yarns. For all the yarns, after boiling treatment, there is lengthwise shrinkage of yarns and the specific volume also increases. Tenacity and breaking elongation of all the yarns of Group A and Group B increase after hot water treatment, whereas in case of core-sheath type DREF-III yarns (Group C yarns) there is drop in tenacity and breaking elongation after similar treatment. In general, for a...

Studies on cotton-acrylic bulked yarns produced from different spinning technologies. Part II: fabric characteristics

Characterization of modified jute fibres treated with selective mixed enzyme and aminosilicone compound has been reported earlier. This part of the study relates to assessment of the effectiveness of such chemical (aminosilicone) and biochemical (mixture of cellulase, xylanase, and pectinase enzymes) modifications of raw jute fibres (with or without selective pretreatments using dilute NaOH, H2O2, and a combination of H2O2 and K2S2O8) on process performance during yarn making and property parameters of such yarns. Usually, jute fibres are spun into yarns applying 1.5% to 3% mineral oil-in-water emulsion prior to carding. 0.5% aminosilicone treatment of jute fibres under specified condition makes them suitable for yarn making without the use of mineral oil, and produces a softer yarn having substantially lower yarn mass irregularity and yarn imperfection values, though with some lowering in tenacity values. Some advantages accrued in regard to process performance (energy efficiency and less fibre ...

Enzyme and silicone treatments on jute fibre. Part II: Effect on process performance during yarn making and yarn properties

This paper reports the transmission characteristics, i.e. air permeability, thermal conductivity and moisture vapour transmission, of needle-punched non-woven fabrics made from shrinkable and non-shrinkable acrylic blends. The basic idea of this work is to explore the possibility of structural changes in needle-punched non-woven fabrics made from blends of shrinkable and non-shrinkable acrylic-fibres, as in case of an acrylic bulked-yarn. The effects of variables, namely fabric mass per unit area, needling density and the proportion of shrinkable acrylic-fibre in the blend, on various transmission-related properties of needle-punched non-woven fabrics have been studied by relaxing shrinkable component of the fabric using hot steam treatment. A three-variable factorial design technique proposed by Box and Behnken was used to investigate the combined interaction effect of the above variables on transmission properties of these fabrics. Shrinkable acrylic proportion found to have significant effect on transm...

Study on needle-punched non-woven fabrics made from shrinkable and non-shrinkable acrylic blends. Part II: transmission behaviour

Jute-shrinkable acrylic blended bulked yarns of various blend ratios have been prepared by relaxing shrinkable component of the yarns using three different methods of thermal treatments, namely dry hot air, steam and boiling water. The performance of these methods of bulking has been compared. It is observed that all the three methods produce bulked yarns having more or less same value of specific volume. Since the boiling water method is easier, convenient and economical, this method is adopted for detail study. The optimum treatment time in boiling water is found to be 30 min. Flexural rigidity of yarns decreases remarkably after bulking and shows a decreasing trend with the increase in percentage of acrylic up to 80%. Breaking strength and breaking extension of non-bulked yarn increase with the increase in percentage of acrylic. The extensibility further increases remarkably after bulking but the breaking stress of parent yarn decreases remarkably on bulking. The loss of tenacity is more when percentage of jute is more in the blends.

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G. Basu

Papers

Studies on physical properties of jute-a crylic blended bulked yams