This paper is a review of low-velocity impact responses of composite materials. First the term ‘low-velocity impact’ is defined and major impact-induced damage modes are described from onset of damage through to final failure. Then, the effects of the composite's constituents on impact properties are discussed and post-impact performance is assessed in terms of residual strength.

Review of low-velocity impact properties of composite materials

In recent years, both industrial and academic world are focussing their attention toward the development of sustainable composites, reinforced with natural fibres. In particular, among the natural fibres (i.e. animal, vegetable or mineral) that can be used as reinforcement, the basalt ones represent the most interesting for their properties. The aim of this review is to illustrate the results of research on this topical subject. In the introduction, mechanical, thermal and chemical properties of basalt fibre have been reviewed. Moreover, its main manufacturing technologies have been described. Then, the effect of using this mineral fibre as reinforcement of different matrices as polymer (both thermoplastic and thermoset), metal and concrete has been presented. Furthermore, an overview on the application of this fibre in biodegradable matrix composites and in hybrid composites has been provided. Finally, the studies on the industrial applications of basalt fibre reinforced composites have been reviewed.

A review on basalt fibre and its composites

A review: Fibre metal laminates, background, bonding types and applied test methods

Machining of Composite Materials

This paper presents a review of the major fatigue models and life time prediction methodologies for fibrereinforced polymer composites, subjected to fatigue loadings In this review, the fatigue models have been classified in three major categories: fatigue life models, which do not take into account the actual degradation mechanisms but use S-N curves or Goodman-type diagrams and introduce some sort of fatigue failure criterion; phenomenological models for residual stiffness/strength; and finally progressive damage models which use one or more damage variables related to measurable manifestations of damage (transverse matrix cracks, delamination size) Although this review does not pretend to be exhaustive, the most important models proposed during the last decades have been included, as well as the relevant equations upon which the respective models are based

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Fatigue damage modeling of fibre-reinforced composite materials: Review

Influence of material thickness on the response of carbon-fabric/epoxy panels to low velocity impact

Low-velocity impact tests were performed on fibreglass–aluminium composites made of 2024 T3 sheets and S2-glass/epoxy prepreg layers, using an instrumented falling weight machine For comparison purposes, similar tests were carried out on monolithic 2024 T3 sheets of equivalent thickness In the tests, the impact speed, mass, and energy were varied, to ascertain the influence of these parameters on the material response From the results obtained, the overall force–displacement curve only depends on the impact energy, rather than on the mass and speed separately Further, the energy required for penetration is higher for monolithic aluminium than for the fibreglass–aluminium However, the latter material seems to offer better performance than carbon fibre- and glass fibre-reinforced laminates in terms of penetration energy, damage resistance, and inspectability The main failure modes of fibreglass–aluminium were assessed by both ultrasonic C-scan and chemical grinding of aluminium sheets It was found that the energy required for first failure is very low, whereas the energy level resulting in first fibre failure is similar to that inducing first cracking in the 2024 T3 sheets From the experimental data, simple empirical relationships were found for the calculation of maximum contact force, energy, and residual displacement as a function of the maximum displacement

Low-velocity impact behaviour of fibreglass-aluminium laminates

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00829115/document

G. Caprino

Papers

Influence of material thickness on the response of carbon-fabric/epoxy panels to low velocity impact

Low-velocity impact behaviour of fibreglass-aluminium laminates

Numerical simulation of impact tests on GFRP composite laminates

Flexural fatigue behaviour of random continuous-fibre-reinforced thermoplastic composites

On the penetration energy for fibre-reinforced plastics under low-velocity impact conditions