Reference is the balance of employing a process to use materials to locate information. A key feature of teaching reference is to help students understand what a reference source is. This column introduces the dilemma of that seemingly easy task. It includes examples of course assignments to aid in that effort.

What Is a Reference Source

Purpose – The purpose of this research is to examine the practical potentials of Bradford's law in relation to core‐journal identification.Design/methodology/approach – Literature studies and empirical tests (Bradford analyses).Findings – Literature studies reveal that the concept of “subject” has never been explicitly addressed in relation to Bradford's law. The results of two empirical tests (Bradford analyses) demonstrate that different operationalizations of the concept of “subject” produce quite different lists of core‐journals. Further, an empirical test reveals that Bradford analyses function discriminatorily against minority views.Practical implications – Bradford analysis can no longer be regarded as an objective and neutral method. The received view on Bradford's law needs to be revised.Originality/value – The paper questions one of the old dogmas of the field.

/pdf/practical-potentials-of-bradford-s-law-a-critical-5678wyh2ha.pdf

Practical potentials of Bradford's law: a critical examination of the received view

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to analyze the commonalities of various change and transition models developed over time to assist with and support managing organizational change.Design/methodology/approach – The article provides an examination of change and transition models through a review of relevant literature and the comparison of different models.Findings – Each change and transition model has similar methods of handling change. Their unique methods and strategies provide additional insights into possible applications to most organizations. In some cases, models could be combined to form new models to best fit the circumstances of the organization.Practical implications – This comparison can assist individuals in evaluating and selecting the model based on organizational need while remembering to focus on both the physical and the emotional changes in an organization.Originality/value – The article shows that human resource managers can benefit from learning the commonalities between chang...

http://hawbw202.pbworks.com/f/Managing_change.pdf

Managing change and transitions: a comparison of different models and their commonalities

Bradford's law of scattering is said to be about subject scattering in information sources. However, in spite of a corpus of writings about the meaning of the word “subject” and equivalent terms such as “aboutness” or “topicality”, the meaning of “subject” has never been explicitly addressed in relation to Bradford's law. This paper introduces a distinction between Lexical scattering, Semantic scattering, and Subject scattering. Neither Bradford himself nor any follower has explicitly considered the differences between these three and the implications for the practical applications of Bradford's law. Traditionally, Bradford's law has been seen as a neutral and objective tool for the selection of the most central information sources in a field. However, it is hard to find actual reports that describe how Bradford's law has been applied in practical library and information services. Theoretical as well as historical evidence suggest that the selection of journals based on Bradford-distributions tend to favorite dominant theories and views while suppressing views other than the mainstream at a given time.

Bradford's law of scattering: ambiguities in the concept of “subject”

As computer usage continues to grow exponentially, the desire of users to use electronic publications(e-publications) has also increased tremendously. This has led to the publication of materials in electronic formas e-publications on both CD-ROMs and web. The electronic book (e-book) is one of the several forms ofe-publications and its popularity has been growing steadily for the past decade. This bibliography providesall references of the published literature on e-books and related technologies in one source so that it will savetime for others in conducting literature searches and reviewing the developments. The information includedin this bibliography is collected systematically from all the published sources in the world such as journalarticles, conference papers, conference proceedings, books, reports and PhD theses on e-books until thelast quarter of 2011. Mainly, it covers e-books, e-books publishing, the impact of e-books on different typesof users, e-book publishing techniques and trends, e-book user interfaces and other technologies related toe-publications. This bibliography will be useful to all researchers conducting research in any areas relatedto e-books and e-book publishing. doi: 10.14429/djlit.32.2.1593

https://publications.drdo.gov.in/ojs/index.php/djlit/article/download/1593/715

Electronic Books: A Bibliography

Preface to the Fourth Edition Preface to the Fifth Edition Information Age: Information Society Information Needs Assessment Collection Development Policies Selection Process in Practice Producers of Information Materials Series: Print and Electronic Other Electronic Materials Government Information Audiovisual Materials Acquisitions Distributors and Vendors Fiscal Management Deselection Evaluation Resource Sharing Protectingg the Collection Legal Issues Censorship, Intellectual Freedom, and Collection Development Index

Developing Library and Information Center Collections

Completely revised and expanded to reflect the rapidly changing sphere of information services, this comprehensive introduction to the management of libraries builds the basic skills good library managers must exercise. The authors offer an authoritative approach on the fundamental concepts of management while recognizing the diverse needs of different operating environments. This edition features two new chapters - Managing Diversity and Career Development - and is kept up to current by material housed on the Web. Drawing from examples of successful leadership techniques from a variety of services - archives, information brokers, libraries, records managements and more, this book demonstrates the most effective ways to plan, delegate, make decisions, communicate, and lead a team. Equal emphasis is placed on personal, fiscal, and technological issues, as well as a look at what the future may hold for incoming managers. A practical, up-to-date introduction to library management, here is a text that will appeal to LIS educators, new and experienced libraries in management positions, students, and anyone wishing to acquire a sound knowledge of both the theory and practice of management within the changing information workforce.

Management Basics for Information Professionals

Developing Library and Information Center Collections, 5th ed.

Contents Preface to the Eighth Edition Part I: General Background Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION Libraries and Customer Service Customer Service Philosophy Role of Library Services What are Technical Services? Technical Services Background Knowledge Goals for Staff Summary Review Questions Notes Suggested Reading Chapter 2: TECHNICAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION Tips for Effective Time Management Tips for Meetings Tips for Team Building Tips for Staff Motivation Tips for Communication The "More" Factor The Faster/Better/Cheaper Factors Restructuring to Provide "Faster and Better" Standards Summary Review Questions Notes Suggested Reading Chapter 3: STAFFING Staffing Categories Librarians Paraprofessional/Support Staff Other Full-Time Staff Staffing Process Recruitment Selecting the Pool Interviewing Staff Development, Training, and Retention Retention Training and Development Performance Appraisal Part-Time Staff Students Volunteers Summary Review Questions Notes Suggested Reading Chapter 4: TECHNICAL SERVICES ISSUE Technology Outsourcing Cooperative/Consortial Activities Quality Assurance Budgetary Issues Spaces for Technical Services Some Key Issues Planning Issues Summary Review Questions Notes Suggested Reading Part II: Acquisitions and Serials Chapter 5: ACQUISITIONS-OVERVIEW Collection Development and Acquisitions Types of Materials Acquired Print Materials Nonbook Materials Electronic Resources General Procedures Request Processing Verifying Ordering Reporting Receiving Orders Acquisition Methods Serials Processing Summary Review Questions Notes Selected Web Sites and Discussion Lists Suggested Reading Chapter 6: DISTRIBUTORS AND VENDORS Making the Selection-Factors to Consider What the Firm Stocks Vendor Technological Capability Speed of Delivery Financial Considerations Vendors' Services Customer Service Considerations Vendor Evaluation Retail Outlets Out-of-Print, Antiquarian, and Rare Book Dealers Summary Review Questions Notes Selected Web Sites Suggested Reading Chapter 7: PRINT AND DIGITAL BOOKS What is Publishing? Types of Publishers Electronic Publishing E-Readers Technology and Information Producers Acquisitions and E-Resources The Google Books Library Project Summary Review Questions Notes Suggested Reading Chapter 8: E-RESOURCE ISSUES Differences between E-Resource and Print Collection Building Ownership Issues Negotiating the License Group Decision Making Trials Purchase Price Staff and User Issues Technical Issues Cancellations Assessment of E-Resources Statistics Summary Review Questions Notes Suggested Reading Chapter 9: SERIALS-PRINT AND ELECTRONIC What Is a Serial? Issues and Concerns Cost and Pricing Acquisition Processing Access Preservation Backfiles Changing Nature Assessment and Evaluation Summary Review Questions Notes Suggested Reading Chapter 10: GOVERNMENT INFORMATION Background E-Government Categories of Government Information U.S. Documents State and Local Governments Canadian Government Information Documents from Other Countries Access to Government Information Accessing U.S. Government Information Preservation of Government Information Federal Depository Library Program Canadian Depository Programs Acquisition of Government Information Summary Review Questions Notes Suggested Reading Chapter 11: MEDIA Media Issues Current Media Formats Motion Pictures and Video Movie Ratings and Libraries Video and Copyright Other Image Formats Maps Audio Recordings Games Game Ratings Realia Microforms Preservation Microforms Film and Video Summary Review Questions Notes Suggested Reading Chapter 12: FISCAL MANAGEMENT Problems in Fiscal Management Library Fund Accounting Accounting Balance Sheet Accounts and Ledgers Journal Estimating Costs Allocation of Monies Encumbering Vouchers Order and Invoice Control Reconciliation of Accounts Audits Summary Review Questions Notes Suggested Reading Part III: Cataloging and Processing Chapter 13: OVERVIEW AND DECISIONS The Rationale for Good Cataloging Cataloging and Classification Processes Decisions Bibliographic Levels Subject Authorities Classification Systems Catalog Displays A Word About the Figures and Examples Summary Review Questions Notes Suggested Reading Chapter 14: DESCRIPTION-IDENTIFYING MATERIALS AACR2: Past and Present Organization of AACR2-2005 Descriptive Structure and Data Sources ISBD Punctuation Creating the Description Area 1: Title and Statement of Responsibility Area 2: Edition Statement Area 3: Material Specific Details Area 4: Publication, Distribution, etc. Area 5: Physical Description Area 6: Series Area 7: Notes Area 8: Standard Numbers and Terms of Availability Rule Interpretations Summary Review Questions Notes Suggested Reading Chapter 15: ACCESS POINTS-RETRIEVING THE RECORD Main and Added Entries Selecting the Main Entry Selection Decision Tree Added Entries Name and Title Authorities Personal Names Corporate Bodies Geographic Names Uniform Titles Summary Review Questions Notes Suggested Reading Chapter 16: SUBJECT ANALYSIS Determining Subject Matter Enumeration versus Faceting Subject Authorities: Subject Heading Vocabularies Principles of Subject Cataloging Evaluating Subject Catalogs Problems of the Subject Catalog Subject Authorities: Numbers for Classification Principles of Classification Call Numbers Evaluating Classifications Maintenance Issues Subject Analysis for Literary Works Why use Standard Systems? Summary Review Questions Notes Suggested Reading Chapter 17: SUBJECT AUTHORITIES Library of Congress Subject Headings The Publication Format of LCSH Entries Cross-References in LCSH Subdivisions in LCSH Other Subdivision Instructions LCSH's Canadian Complement Problems with LCSH LC's Children's and Young Adults' Cataloging Program Sears List of Subject Headings The Publication Format of the Entries Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Sears Summary Review Questions Notes Suggested Reading Chapter 18: CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS Dewey Decimal Classification Format of DDC The Schedules A Closer Look at the Schedules A Closer Look at the Tables Library of Congress Classification Principles Underlying LCC Format of LCC Main Classes of LCC Subdivision in LCC Comparison of DDC and LCC National Library of Medicine Classification Background and Development Format of NLMC Main Classes and Subdivisions NLMC in Libraries "Copy" Classification Summary Review Questions Notes Suggested Reading Answers to the Classification Exercises Chapter 19: MARC FORMAT AND METADATA Machine-Readable Cataloging History and Background Elements of a MARC Record Fields Subfields Indicators Content Designation MARC Displays Bibliographic Networks and Shared Cataloging Metadata Dublin Core Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard Metadata Object Description Schema Summary Review Questions Notes Suggested Reading Chapter 20: COPY CATALOGING Policy Issues 1. Acceptability of Sources 2. Record Fullness 3. Errors 4. Call Numbers 5. Tracings (Subject Headings and Added Entries/Access Points Overview of the Operation Choosing the Source(s) Summary Review Questions Note Suggested Reading Chapter 21: PROCESSING MATERIALS Evidence of Library Ownership Location Information Recording and Tracking Use Preservation and Security Summary Review Questions Notes Suggested Reading Chapter 22: LEADING THE CATALOG DEPARTMENT Management Tasks Needed Skills Department Policies and Procedures When Cataloging Standards Change Writing a Policy Manual Adopting the Policy Manual Current Issues Ten Hints for Leadership Patron Service First and Foremost Review Questions Suggested Reading Indexes Topical Index to the Text Index to Names Index to Figures Type of Media Access Points Description Classification

Introduction to technical services

This book coverage of such essential topics as circulation, refrence, interlibrary loar, literacy instruction, and security

G. Edward Evans

Papers

Developing Library and Information Center Collections

Management Basics for Information Professionals

Developing Library and Information Center Collections, 5th ed.

Introduction to technical services

Introduction to Library Public Services